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- 2. A protein antigen on the surface of red blood cells designated Rh-positive. If an Rh-negative mother is exposed to blood from an Rh-positive fetus, she produces anti-Rh antibodies of the IgG class.
- 4. The antigen receptor on T cells; a membrane-bound molecule consisting of one ? chain and one ? chain linked by a disulfide bridge and containing one antigen-binding site.
- 6. A localized innate immune defense triggered by physical injury or infection of tissue in which changes to nearby small blood vessels enhance the infiltration of white blood cells, antimicrobial proteins, and clotting elements that aid in tissue repair and destruction of invading pathogens; may also involve systemic effects such as fever and increased production of white blood cells.
- 9. The most abundant type of white blood cell. Neutrophils are phagocytic and tend to self-destruct as they destroy foreign invaders, limiting their life span to a few days.
- 11. An enzyme in sweat, tears, and saliva that attacks bacterial cell walls.
- 14. The acquired immune response elicited on second or subsequent exposures to a particular antigen. The secondary immune response is more rapid, of greater magnitude, and of longer duration than the primary immune response.
- 15. A type of white blood cell that mediates acquired immunity. Lymphocytes that complete their development in the bone marrow are called B cells, and those that mature in the thymus are called T cells.
- 16. The kind of defense that is mediated by phagocytic cells, antimicrobial proteins, the inflammatory response, and natural killer (NK) cells. It is present before exposure to pathogens and is effective from the time of birth.
- 18. The initial acquired immune response to an antigen, which appears after a lag of about 10 to 17 days.
- 20. Short-term immunity conferred by the administration of ready-made antibodies or the transfer of maternal antibodies to a fetus or nursing infant; lasts only a few weeks or months because the immune system has not been stimulated by antigens.
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- 1. (MHC) A family of genes that encode a large set of cell surface proteins called MHC molecules. Class I and class II MHC molecules function in antigen presentation to T cells. Foreign MHC molecules on transplanted tissue can trigger T cell responses that may lead to rejection of the transplant.
- 3. A type of white blood cell that can kill tumor cells and virus-infected cells; an important component of innate immunity.
- 5. A system of vessels and lymph nodes, separate from the circulatory system, that returns fluid, proteins, and cells to the blood.
- 7. (T cell)A type of lymphocyte, including the helper T cells and cytotoxic T cells, that develops to maturity in the thymus. After encountering antigen, T cells are responsible for cell-mediated immunity.
- 8. A protein that has antiviral or immune regulatory functions; secreted by virus-infected cells to help nearby cells resist viral infection
- 10. The antibody-secreting effector cell of humoral immunity; arises from antigen-stimulated B cells.
- 12. A type of endocytosis involving large, particulate substances, accomplished mainly by macrophages, neutrophils, and dendritic cells.
- 13. A small organ in the thoracic cavity of vertebrates where maturation of T cells is completed.
- 17. A phagocytic cell present in many tissues that functions in innate immunity by destroying microbes and in acquired immunity as an antigen-presenting cell.
- 19. One of a clone of long-lived lymphocytes, formed during the primary immune response, that remains in a lymphoid organ until activated by exposure to the same antigen that triggered its formation. Activated memory cells mount the secondary immune response.