Genetics and Heredity

4. Two chromosomes in a pair normally one inherited from the mother and one from the father
8. genetic material that tells your body how to make proteins.
9. a small RNA molecule that plays a key role in protein synthesis
10. certain patterns of how traits are passed from parents to offspring.
11. proteins that help speed up metabolism, or the chemical reactions in our bodies.
13. found throughout the body—in muscle, bone, skin, hair, and virtually every other body part or tissue.
14. to act as a messenger carrying instructions from DNA for controlling the synthesis of proteins
16. a type of cell division in sexually reproducing organisms that reduces the number of chromosomes in gametes
17. the basic physical and functional unit of heredity.
19. having two identical alleles of a particular gene or genes.
20. the process of copying a segment of DNA into RNA.

1. a variation of the same sequence of nucleotides at the same place on a long DNA molecule, as described in leading textbooks on genetics and evolution.
2. RNA is used to produce proteins
3. the stronger allele in the gene
5. the weaker allele in a gene
6. the creation of proteins by cells that uses DNA, RNA, and various enzymes.
7. the process by which the genome's DNA is copied in cells.
12. having two different alleles of a particular gene.
15. a long DNA molecule with part or all of the genetic material of an organism.
18. a self-replicating material that is present in nearly all living organisms as the main constituent of chromosomes. It is the carrier of genetic information.