Genetics and Heredity

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Across
  1. 3. a type of single-stranded RNA involved in protein synthesis.
  2. 7. the relationship between two versions of a gene.
  3. 8. are complex molecules and do most of the work in cells.
  4. 10. a threadlike structure of nucleic acids and protein found in the nucleus of most living cells, carrying genetic information in the form of genes
  5. 12. a unit of heredity which is transferred from a parent to offspring and is held to determine some characteristic of the offspring.
  6. 13. the presence of a single set of chromosomes in an organism's cells
  7. 14. one of two or more alternative forms of a gene that arise by mutation and are found at the same place on a chromosome.
  8. 15. a substance produced by a living organism which acts as a catalyst to bring about a specific biochemical reaction.
  9. 17. a self replicating material that is present in nearly all living organisms as the main constituent of chromosomes. It is the carrier of genetic information.
  10. 18. ribonucleic acid, a nucleic acid present in all living cells. Its principal role is to act as a messenger carrying instructions from DNA for controlling the synthesis of proteins, although in some viruses RNA rather than DNA carries the genetic information.
  11. 19. a core biological process, occurring inside cells, balancing the loss of cellular proteins (via degradation or export) through the production of new proteins.
Down
  1. 1. the process of translating the sequence of a messenger RNA (mRNA) molecule to a sequence of amino acids during protein synthesis.
  2. 2. pair each have the same genes in the same order, but there may be variation between them
  3. 4. a type of cell division that reduces the number of chromosomes in the parent cell by half and produces four gamete cells.
  4. 5. the process of copying out the DNA sequence of a gene in the similar alphabet of RNA. Overview of transcription.
  5. 6. the process by which the genome's DNA is copied in cells.
  6. 9. having inherited the same versions (alleles) of a genomic marker from each biological parent.
  7. 11. certain patterns of how traits are passed from parents to offspring.
  8. 16. a process of cell duplication, or reproduction