Genetics Ch 5 terms

6. many multiples of chromosomes
10. normal chromosomal makeup of individual
11. first meiotic division known as reduction division that produces male gametes, where each primary cell divides into 4 haploid sperm nuclei
12. somatic cell division process resulting in diploid cell
13. chromosomes coil and condense, nuclear membrane breaks down and spindles are present
14. deviations involving the loss or gain of one or more chromosomes
15. centromere divides and produces two separate chromosomes from the sister chromatid

1. genetic conditions that result from errors during mitosis or meiosis processes
2. sometimes called “resting phase” made up of 3 stages: G1, S and G2, phase where DNA and chromosomes undergo duplication
3. briefest phase where chromosomes decondense, spindle fibers break down and a nuclear membrane forms around each chromosome
4. first meiotic division known as reduction division that produces female gamete, where one haploid egg nucleus and three small haploid polar bodies are produced
5. cytoplasm divides through actin and myosin contractile ring
7. kinetochores attach sister chromatids to spindle fibers
8. chromosomes are positioned in between centrosome poles in a line at the equator
9. produces haploid sperm and egg nuclei