Genetics Exam

3. Famous scientist that studied on the Galapagos islands
4. Is a tri-nucleotide sequence of DNA or RNA that corresponds to a specific amino acid such as tryptophan and glutamine
8. ____________ selection is the process through which populations of living organisms adapt and change naturally (ex. Giraffes getting longer necks over time to reach tall trees)
12. Two different forms of a gene
14. Is a version (allele) of a gene that shows its specific trait even if only one parent passed the gene to the child.
16. DNA base triplets→____________ sequence→protein folding pattern→protein shape and function
17. The phase where chromosomes line up in the center of the cell.
19. P2 + 2Pq +q2= 1.0 is one of the _____________ equations
20. Is when a cell makes a copy of RNA from DNA
21. Are different forms of a gene, which produce variations in a genetically inherited trait.

1. The addition of a base to a codon
2. The second step of genetic editing
4. Is a well-known type of genome editing unique
5. Is a cross in which 2 traits are being observed
6. In bacteria, a small circle of DNA found outside the main chromosome is called a _________
7. Is the type of mutation that has no effect
9. Are outwardly expressed traits or characteristics (ex. Brown eyes)
10. Are DNA molecules packaged into thread-like structures in the cell called
11. An offspring has parents with A and B blood type. He has blood type AB as a result, this is known as
13. Is known as the father of genetics
15. Tobacco smoke can cause _________ changes to the nucleotide
16. The phase where two sister chromatids of each chromosome separate as the spindles pull the chromatids apart, resulting in two sets of identical chromosomes
18. It bonds with cytosine in both DNA and RNA
21. Using the wheel (starting from inside letters and working your way out) what is the codon for methionine (start codon)