Genetics Final B

1. Location within the cell where ribosomes translate mRNA into polypeptide strands.
4. A cell that contains only one set of chromosomes.
6. Set of three mRNA nucleotides read as a set by a ribosomes during translation to determine what anticodon on tRNA should be paired.
8. Deoxyribonucleic acid.
9. Stage in meiosis where two cleavage furrows develop and four new nuclear membranes form.
11. Factors that determine an individual's characteristics that are passed from parents to offspring.
12. Stage in meiosis where homologous chromosomes line up and crossing over occurs.
13. Homologous chromosomes pair and trade genes. Helps maintain variety in sexually reproducing organisms.
16. Having two different alleles in a genotype. ex. Tt
17. Nitrogenous base that pairs with thymine in DNA or uracil in RNA.
18. The sugar in the sugar-phosphate backbone of RNA.
21. Enzyme responsible for "gluing" DNA fragments together at the end of replication.
24. This type of inheritance results in blending of two traits, such as in pink flower offspring from the cross of red and white flowered parents.
27. Cells produced during meiosis and used for reproduction.
28. "Builder" enzyme responsible for adding DNA or RNA nucleotides to the growing strand during DNA replication or transcription.
29. Nitrogenous base that pairs with adenine in DNA.

2. When an organism's genetic material is changed.
3. Proteins that associate with DNA to help pack and condense it.
5. Chromosomes that are similar in size and carry similar genes; one coming from each genetic parent.
6. Last stage in cell division. Results in new daughter cells separated from each other.
7. Nitrogenous base that pairs with cytosine in DNA and RNA.
10. The physical traits expressed by an organism.
14. Considered the Father of Modern Genetics because of his experiments with pea plants.
15. Stage in meiosis where chromosomes line up in the middle of the two newly created cells.
19. A gene with more than two alleles is said to have ___ alleles.
20. A specific and observable characteristic of an individual.
22. Different forms of a gene.
23. Organelle responsible for translating mRNA into a polypeptide strand that will fold into a protein.
25. Stage in meiosis where homologous pairs of chromosomes are pulled away from each other to opposite poles of the cell.
26. Type of cell division responsible for reducing the number of chromosomes in diploid cells to haploid numbers; results in gamete cells.