Genetics Key Words

1. the complete set of chromosomes in each cell of an organism
6. the law that states that corresponding alleles for a gene will always separate during meiosis
7. when one copy of a gene (allele) is inherited, the phenotype is affected
10. the law that states that when allele pairs of a specific gene separate, they will move independently of other genes
14. an alternate version of a gene, which has a slightly different sequence.
15. the combination of alleles carried in each cell of an organism for a particular gene
16. a form of cell division that occurs during growth and repair in an organism
17. the compacted form of DNA, which is wound around proteins and stored in the nucleus

2. the process by which DNA is copied into a form that can exit the nucleus and function as a template for protein production
3. a change in the DNA or chromosome structure that causes variation in the DNA sequence compared to the original copy
4. the observable result of a cell or organism's genetic make-up
5. a form of cell division that produces gametes (e.g. sperm and eggs)
8. the process by which DNA is copied before being sent to a daughter cell in cell division
9. the process by which polypeptides are produced from an RNA message
11. the physical molecule that contains genetic information; consists of a sugar-phosphate backbone and bases
12. a segment of DNA that codes for a polypeptide
13. when one copy of a gene (allele) is inherited, the phenotype is unaffected