Genetics: Part 1

3. Vital biomolecules that store and transmit genetic information
7. The process where a cell makes an RNA copy (messenger RNA or mRNA) of a specific DNA sequence, carrying the genetic information needed to build proteins.
9. A change in the DNA sequence of an organism, which can be harmful, beneficial, or have no effect.
12. The process where a cell uses the information encoded in mRNA (messenger RNA) to build a protein.
14. The basic unit of heredity passed from parent to child.
15. The process by which the genome's DNA is copied in cells.
16. The process by which a cell replicates its chromosomes and then segregates them, producing two identical nuclei in preparation for cell division.
17. A molecule that carries instructions from DNA to build proteins.
18. An enzyme that synthesizes short RNA sequences called primers.
19. An enzyme that acts like "molecular glue," joining two molecules together.

1. The basic building block of nucleic acids (RNA and DNA).
2. A type of RNA molecule that acts as a "translator" during protein synthesis, carrying specific amino acids to the ribosome.
4. A molecule made up of amino acids.
5. A structure within a cell's nucleus that contains DNA.
6. Along with proteins, forms the ribosome, the cellular machinery responsible for protein synthesis.
8. An enzyme that builds long chains of nucleic acids.
9. A molecule that carries the genetic instructions from DNA to the ribosomes, where they are used to make proteins.
10. The process by which cells create proteins.
11. An enzyme that "unzips" the double-stranded DNA helix
13. The molecule that carries genetic information for the development and functioning of an organism.