Geography

1. clay, silt, gravel, or similar detrital material deposited by running water.
5. A deep, closed valley (usually drained by a single wadi) surrounded by steep walls of resistant rock and superficially resembling a crater. The term is used primarily in the deserts of Israel and Egypt.
6. A type of easily worked, highly fertile soil composed of clay, silt, and sand in an approximate ratio of 20:40:40. They generally heat rapidly, are well-aerated, and drain neither too quickly nor too slowly.
7. The mixing of materials from various horizons of the soil down to the bedrock due to freezing and thawing.
9. The measurement of water depth, mainly of seas and oceans but sometimes of deep lakes.

2. The side of a landmass sheltered from the wind. Contrast windward.
3. The conversion of open spaces, landscapes, and natural environments by human action.
4. A geographical dictionary or directory used in conjunction with a map or atlas and containing information concerning the geographical make-up, social statistics, and physical features of a country, region, or continent.
8. An area possessing surface topography resulting from the underground solution of subsurface limestone or dolomite.
10. the scientific study of human settlements of all types, incorporating concepts such as regional, metropolitan, and community planning and dwelling design with the goal of achieving harmony between the inhabitants of a settlement and their physical, social, and cultural environments.