Geography of Europe and Birth of the Middle Ages

4. Peasants who "belonged" to the land; farmed the land for the lord.
6. Europe is surrounded by oceans and _____.
8. Capital city of Charlemagne.
12. The mountains in eastern Europe that separate Europe from Asia (see map, p. 337)
16. Europe and Asia make up this landmass.
19. River that flows through London, England
22. English is a mixture of Norman French and ______ English.
24. The removal of dense forests to make room for farms.
26. The Conqueror--Duke of Normandy--who defeated the English King Harold at Hastings.
27. River that flows through Rome, Italy.
28. Grandfather of Charlemagne; Frankish war leader who defeated a Moslem army in France in 732.
29. The area of France that the Normans settled.

1. Land given to a vassal in exchange for service to a lord.
2. River that flows through Paris, France.
3. They swore an oath of loyalty--fealty--to the lord of the land.
5. Navigable waterways essential to Europe's economy.
7. Northern raiders and invaders that plundered and terrorized Europe after the fall of Charlemagne's empire.
9. The mountains in southern Europe, east of the Black Sea, that separate Europe from southwestern Asia (see map, p. 337)
10. Serfs moved here to escape harsh manor life; freedom.
11. A system of government in the Middle Ages based on land ownership and service to a landowner.
13. Charlemagne spread ________ Christianity and was declared emperor by Pope Leo III.
14. "Charles the Great"
15. The word used to describe the mild climate of Europe.
17. King forced by his English vassals to sign the Magna Carta, which protected the rights of the nobles from harsh treatment of the king.
18. Code of Christian behavior swore to by knights.
20. Lady of Aquitaine; French queen; spread ideas of chivalry.
21. The walled-in medieval settlement (mill, farms, church).
23. The most fertile farmland in Europe is found in the North European ____.
25. This is what the word "magna" or "magne" means in Latin.