Across
- 4. A sudden and rapid flow of snow, ice, and rocks down a mountainside.
- 7. A long period of unusually low rainfall that leads to water shortages.
- 10. A deep valley with steep sides, often carved by a river over time.
- 12. A steep, high face of rock or land.
- 14. A community of living organisms interacting with each other and their environment.
- 16. A fan-shaped deposit of sediment formed when a stream slows down as it leaves a mountain range.
- 19. A sheltered area of water where ships can anchor safely.
- 20. A naturally raised area of land, smaller than a mountain.
- 22. A natural underground hollow, usually formed by erosion or dissolution of rock.
- 24. A point of land that extends into a body of water.
- 26. A large area covered chiefly with trees and undergrowth.
- 27. A landform made of sediment that builds up where a river meets a larger body of water, like an ocean or lake.
- 28. The rapid downhill movement of rock, soil, or debris due to gravity.
- 30. A long, narrow island that protects the coast from waves and storms.
- 33. A large natural elevation of the Earth’s surface, typically rising steeply from the surrounding land.
- 37. A large, flat area of land elevated significantly above surrounding areas.
- 39. A sudden shaking of the ground caused by the movement of Earth’s tectonic plates.
- 40. The apparent deflection of winds and ocean currents caused by Earth’s rotation.
- 42. The force of the air pressing down on Earth’s surface; it changes with altitude and weather.
- 43. The process by which wind, water, ice, or gravity wears away and moves rock or soil.
Down
- 1. A bowl-shaped depression on Earth’s surface formed by volcanic activity or a meteor impact.
- 2. A slow-moving, marshy body of water, usually found in low-lying areas of the southern United States.
- 3. Flat land next to a river that floods regularly and has rich, fertile soil.
- 5. A location where magma from deep within Earth rises and creates volcanoes away from tectonic plate boundaries.
- 6. A fast-moving band of winds high in the atmosphere that influences weather patterns.
- 7. A hill or ridge of sand formed by the wind, commonly found in deserts or near beaches.
- 8. The distance east or west of the Prime Meridian, measured in degrees.
- 9. A large area of ocean or sea partly surrounded by land.
- 10. The theory that Earth’s continents slowly move over the planet’s surface.
- 11. A piece of land almost completely surrounded by water but connected to the mainland.
- 13. A raised bank along a river built to prevent flooding.
- 15. Extremely dry climate with very little rainfall.
- 17. The distance north or south of the Equator, measured in degrees.
- 18. A large, slow-moving mass of ice that forms in cold regions from compacted snow.
- 21. A deep, narrow inlet of the sea between high cliffs, formed by glacial erosion.
- 22. The area where land meets the ocean or sea.
- 23. A narrow piece of land that sticks out into the ocean, often with steep cliffs.
- 25. A large, flat, very deep part of the ocean floor, usually found far from land.
- 29. The long-term patterns of temperature, precipitation, and weather in a region.
- 31. A piece of land completely surrounded by water.
- 32. A shallow body of water separated from the ocean by a sandbar, coral reef, or barrier island.
- 33. Accumulated glacial debris, such as rocks and soil, left behind by a moving glacier.
- 34. The water that flows back toward the ocean after a wave breaks on the shore.
- 35. A line on a map that connects places of equal elevation, showing the shape of the land.
- 36. The point on Earth’s surface directly above the focus of an earthquake.
- 38. A steady flow of water in a river, ocean, or other body of water.
- 41. A climate pattern where warm ocean water in the Pacific affects global weather, often causing storms or droughts.