Across
- 3. A vertical or near-vertical rock face that forms through erosional processes like weathering and abrasion, or structural factors such as fault displacement or resistant rock layers.
- 5. A type of wetland characterized by perpetually wet soil and an abundance of herbaceous plants like grasses, rushes, and sedges, rather than trees.
- 9. A large, perennial accumulation of crystalline ice, snow, rock, sediment, and often liquid water that originates on land and moves down slope under the influence of its own weight and gravity.
- 11. A long, deep, narrow body of water that reaches far inland. Fjords are often set in a U-shaped valley with steep walls of rock on either side.
- 14. A large, predominantly flat expanse of land with little relief.
- 16. A landform that rises at least 1,000 feet (300 meters) or more above its surrounding area.
- 17. A continuous body of salt water that is contained in an enormous basin on Earth's surface.
- 20. A strip of land, typically a depositional landform, that lies along the edge of a body of water such as an ocean, sea, lake, or river.
- 22. A piece of land that is almost entirely surrounded by water but is connected to the mainland on one side.
- 27. A narrow, deep valley cut by a river through rock over long periods of time.
- 28. A flat, elevated landform that rises sharply above the surrounding area on at least one side.
- 29. A division of the ocean that is enclosed or partly enclosed by land.
- 32. A naturally formed body of land surrounded by water on all sides and smaller than a continent.
- 35. A rare type of hot spring that periodically and forcefully erupts, sending jets of hot water and steam into the air.
- 36. An area made fertile by a source of freshwater in an otherwise dry and arid region.
- 37. An extended low area of land located between hills or mountains, typically featuring a river or stream that flows along its bottom.
- 38. A large inlet or arm of the sea or ocean that penetrates deeply into the land, almost completely surrounded by land on three sides with a narrow mouth connecting it to the larger body of water.
- 39. A large, natural stream of flowing water.
- 40. A narrow body of water that connects two larger bodies of water.
- 41. A vast, treeless, and frigid ecosystem characterized by long, cold winters and short, cool summers.
- 42. A chain or group of islands clustered together in a body of water like an ocean, sea, lake, or river.
- 44. An opening in Earth's crust through which lava, ash, and gases erupt. The term also includes the cone-shaped landform built by repeated eruptions over time.
Down
- 1. An area of land that receives no more than 25 centimeters (10 inches) of precipitation a year.
- 2. A land area of at least 0.5 hectares (1.2 acres) with trees that are at least 5 meters (16 feet) high and a canopy cover of more than 10%.
- 4. A shallow body of water protected from a larger body of water (usually the ocean) by sandbars, barrier islands, or coral reefs.
- 6. A broad, isolated, elevated landform with a larger flat top and steep sides, resembling a table.
- 7. A forested wetland characterized by poorly drained, waterlogged, mineral-rich soil and a dominant presence of trees.
- 8. A natural opening in the ground extending beyond the zone of light and large enough to permit the entry of a person.
- 10. A high point of land or a headland that extends into a body of water, such as a sea, lake, or river.
- 12. A densely overgrown area of tangled tropical vegetation, often within a tropical rainforest, where the undergrowth is particularly thick and difficult to navigate due to light penetration allowing for dense plant growth at ground level.
- 13. A conspicuous, isolated hill with steep, often vertical sides and a small, relatively flat top.
- 15. A narrow strip of land that connects two larger landmasses and separates two bodies of water.
- 18. A ring-shaped coral reef, island, or series of islets.
- 19. A dense forest characterized by high annual rainfall (typically over 80-100 inches) and a high concentration of tall, mostly evergreen trees, often forming a continuous canopy.
- 20. A broad, typically semicircular or circular coastal body of water connected to a larger body of water like an ocean or lake, typically formed by the erosion of softer rocks.
- 21. A wide strait or waterway between two landmasses that lie close to each other.
- 22. Enormous stretches of flat grassland with moderate temperatures, moderate rainfall, and few trees.
- 23. A large mass of freshwater ice that has broken off from a glacier or ice shelf and is now floating freely in an ocean or lake.
- 24. A large coastal body of water that is deeper and wider than a bay or fjord, or a narrow channel of water between two larger bodies of land, like a strait.
- 25. The land along a sea or ocean.
- 26. A body of water that is surrounded by land.
- 30. A river or other body of water's steep fall over a rocky ledge into a plunge pool below.
- 31. Freshwater landforms created when a fast-moving body of water, such as a river, flows into a comparatively still body of water, such as a lake or ocean.
- 33. A mound of sand formed by the wind, usually along the beach or in a desert.
- 34. A depression, or dip, in the Earth's surface.
- 43. Land that rises above its surroundings and has a rounded summit, usually less than 300 meters (1,000 feet).