geography

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Across
  1. 7. the wide, flat floor of a river valley.
  2. 8. the cork-screw-like flow of water in a meander.
  3. 10. precipitation that does not reach the soil, but is instead intercepted by the leaves, etc.
  4. 11. the flow of water that occurs when excess water from rain, meltwater, or other sources flows over the earth's surface.
  5. 12. the deep pool below a waterfall
  6. 16. the section of the river between the mountains and the lowland, where transport of eroded material is important and the river begins to cut sideways due to the reducing gradient.
  7. 19. a river mouth choked with sediment causing the main channel to split into smaller branching channels or distributaries.
  8. 20. the lateral unsaturated flow of water in the soil zone.
  9. 21. the mouth of the river and the point where the gradient becomes zero.
  10. 23. the point at which rivers meet.
  11. 24. a bend in a river.
  12. 26. the mountain stage of a river with steep gradients and much erosion.
  13. 27. the land that is drained by a river and its tributaries.
  14. 28. The particles are knocked about as they are transported, and they gradually become more rounded and reduced in size.
  15. 29. holes eroded in the solid rock of a river channel.
  16. 30. As the river descends from the highland, it begins to meander between spurs which interlock down the valley.
  17. 33. the downward erosion which deepens the river channel.
  18. 36. Load is bounced along the sea bed, eg small pieces of shingle
  19. 37. the material carried by a river by being bounced or rolled along its bed.
  20. 38. the wearing away of the bed and banks of the river channel by abrasion, hydraulic action, solution and attrition.
  21. 39. The hard rock is left to ______ and because it isn't supported, it eventually collapses.
  22. 41. the highland separating one river basin from another.
  23. 42. cover or submerge (a place or area) with water.
  24. 43. where a river ends, at a lake or the sea.
  25. 44. the slope of the river profile, steep close to the source and gradually becoming more gentle until the river reaches sea level.
  26. 48. form where the river meets a band of softer rock after flowing over an area of more resistant material.
  27. 50. an area that contains flowing water confined by banks.
  28. 52. the beginning of a stream or river
  29. 53. the water located beneath the earth's surface in soil pore spaces and in the fractures of rock formations
  30. 56. the amount of salt dissolved in water.
  31. 57. found where the river meets a band of resistant rock and usually precede a waterfall.
  32. 58. some rocks such as limestone are subject to chemical attack and slowly dissolve in the water.
Down
  1. 1. the speed of the water flow.
  2. 2. the bottom of the river
  3. 3. very small and light material, usually fine clay and silt, transported by the river.
  4. 4. river embankments built by deposition as the river floods.
  5. 5. forms on the inside of a meander bend as a result of deposition in the slower flowing water.
  6. 6. the cross-section of the river, from its source to its mouth, concave in shape.
  7. 9. a steep-sided, narrow rocky valley marking the retreat of a waterfall.
  8. 10. rocks which do not permitting the passage of a fluid through the pores.
  9. 13. the amount of space that a substance or object occupies
  10. 14. The sheer force of the water by itself can erode material from the bed and banks of the river channel.
  11. 15. a meander which has been cut off from the main river channel and abandoned.
  12. 17. finger-like river channels which branch away from a main river channel in a delta.
  13. 18. created on the outside of a meander bend by the erosive effect of fast-flowing water.
  14. 22. the pebbles being transported wear away the bed and banks of the river channel.
  15. 25. the river moves material as bedload, suspended load or dissolved load (in solution). Bedload can be moved by saltation or traction.
  16. 31. the ability of a porous rock, sediment, or soil to transmit fluid through pores and cracks.
  17. 32. rock particles (clay, silt, sand and gravel) deposited by a river.
  18. 33. usually found in the upper course of the river where the water has considerable erosive power.
  19. 34. the process by which water on the ground surface enters the soil.
  20. 35. erosion by a river on the outside of a meander channel. It eventually leads to the widening of the valley and the formation of the flood plain.
  21. 40. The soft rock erodes more quickly, allowing the hard rock to _____.
  22. 45. a large underground chamber, typically of natural origin, in a hillside or cliff.
  23. 46. the section of the river near the sea, where deposition is the most important process and the valley becomes wider and flatter.
  24. 47. the sides of a river or stream between which the water normally flows.
  25. 49. material rolled along the bed of the river.
  26. 51. the material transported by a river as bedload, suspended load or dissolved load (in solution).
  27. 54. the river process in which sediments, soil, and rocks are added to a landform or land mass.
  28. 55. a smaller river that joins a larger one.