Geology

3. The upper layer of the earth's mantle, below the lithosphere, in which there is relatively low resistance 1 to plastic flow and convection is thought to occur. 2
5. The German scientist who proposed the theory of continental drift.
9. The process by which one tectonic plate slides beneath another at a convergent boundary.
11. The process that A large natural elevation of the earth's surface, with ranges that match across separated continents.
14. A long, narrow elevation on the seafloor, marking a divergent plate boundary where new crust is formed.
15. The single, enormous ocean that surrounded the supercontinent Pangaea.
17. The rigid outer part of the earth, consisting of the crust and upper mantle.
18. A supercontinent that existed millions of years ago, containing all of Earth's landmasses.
19. A long, narrow, and deep depression on the ocean floor, typically formed at a convergent boundary where subduction occurs.
21. A type of plate boundary where tectonic plates move toward each other and collide.

1. A fracture or zone of fractures between two blocks of rock, allowing the blocks to move relative to each other, common at all plate boundaries.
2. A type of plate boundary where tectonic plates move away from each other.
4. A type of plate boundary where tectonic plates slide past each other horizontally.
6. A sudden and violent shaking of the ground, often occurring at plate boundaries.
7. The outermost solid shell of the Earth
8. The transfer of heat by the movement of fluids (like the mantle), driving plate tectonics.
10. The large, continuous masses of land on the Earth's surface.
12. The southern supercontinent formed from the breakup of Pangaea.
13. A rupture in the Earth's crust that allows hot lava, volcanic ash, and gases to escape, often found at convergent or divergent boundaries.
16. Preserved remains or traces of ancient life, used as evidence for continental drift.
18. A large, rigid slab of solid rock that makes up the Earth's lithosphere.
20. The innermost layer of the Earth, divided into a liquid outer part and a solid inner part.