Across
- 3. composed of or separable into layers
- 7. The outer core of the Earth is a fluid layer about 2,300 km (1,400 mi) thick and composed of mostly iron and nickel that lies above Earth's solid inner core and below its mantle. Its outer boundary lies 2,890 km (1,800 mi) beneath Earth's surface. This is also referred to as the "liquid core".
- 9. a fast-moving current of hot gas and rock (collectively known as tephra), which reaches speeds moving away from a volcano of up to 700 km/h (450 mph). ... They are a common and devastating result of certain explosive volcanic eruptions.
- 10. a grain of sediment, silt, sand, gravel, etc., especially as a constituent fragment of a clastic rock formation, as distinguished from a chemical or biogenic component of such a formation.
- 14. noting or pertaining to a class of igneous rocks that have been forced out in a molten or plastic condition upon the surface of the earth.
- 15. processes that help build up the Earth's surface. Some examples are crustal deformation, volcanic eruption, deposition, and sediment.
- 16. the upper layer of the earth's mantle, below the lithosphere, in which there is relatively low resistance to plastic flow and convection is thought to occur.
- 18. a solid sphere in the middle of the fluid core such as the iron-nickel core of the Earth. The innermost of the earth.
- 19. a wave of energy that is generated by an earthquake or other earth vibration and that travels within the earth or along its surface.
- 21. The process of mountain formation, especially by a folding and faulting of the earth's crust.
Down
- 1. of, relating to, or denoting a group of light-colored minerals including feldspar, feldspathoids, quartz, and muscovite.
- 2. basaltic lava having a smooth or billowy surface.
- 4. a measuring instrument for earthquakes that tracks duration and magnitude.
- 5. a measure of mass per volume.
- 6. the circular motion that happens when warmer air or liquid — which has faster moving molecules, making it less dense — rises, while the cooler air or liquid drops down. The transfer of heat through a fluid (liquid or gas) caused by molecular motion. Type of: temperature change.
- 8. a hypothetical supercontinent that included all current land masses, believed to have been in existence before the continents broke apart during the Triassic and Jurassic Periods.
- 10. the relatively thick part of the earth's crust that forms the large landmasses. It is generally older and more complex than the oceanic crust.
- 11. like tornadoes and tsunamis they tear down or wear away parts of the earth.
- 12. a line on a map or chart joining points of equal height or depth. A line on a map joining points of equal elevation above a given level, usually mean sea level.
- 13. The outermost layer of a planet. The crust of the Earth is composed of a great variety of igneous, metamorphic, and sedimentary rocks. The boundary between the crust and mantle is conventionally placed at the Mohorovicic discontinuity.
- 17. a body of intrusive igneous rock.
- 20. A device used to measure the duration and magnitude of a San Francisco earthquake is an example