Gout

Edit Answers
1234567891011121314151617181920212223242526272829303132333435363738394041424344454647484950
Across
  1. 2. Which polyphenolic compounds exert anti-gout effects by regulating the AGE-RAGE pathway and influencing urate transporters such as GLUT9 and URAT1?14
  2. 4. Which ATP-binding cassette (ABC) transporter plays a crucial role in urate transport, hyperuricemia, and early-onset gout, particularly through intestinal urate elimination?13
  3. 7. Another name of gout
  4. 10. The medications are also known as uremia drugs that increase urine excretion and reduce uric acid as well as prevent a recurrence. For example, probenecid, benzbromarone, sulfinpyrazon3
  5. 11. Which class of medications, including empagliflozin, increases glycosuria, stimulates uric acid excretion, and inhibits its reabsorption, potentially benefiting gout patients?17
  6. 16. Which type of inhibitors can lower hypoxanthine production, which in turn reduces xanthine and uric acid production, thus providing a new mode of action for anti-gout medicines?9
  7. 17. What type of vitamin can use in preventing the development and recurrence of gout?4
  8. 20. Which imaging technique is used to detect urate crystal deposits and inflammation in gout patients?
  9. 21. Which pathway reuse purine?7
  10. 22. Which is the ultimate product of purine catabolism in humans2
  11. 23. Which medication decreases glomerular filtration rate (GFR) and reduces uric acid secretion in the proximal tubule and potentially worsen gout?17
  12. 26. These medications, which are frequently used to treat gout and hyperuricemia, can selectively block xanthine oxidase and lower the formation of uric acid with manageable adverse effects.3
  13. 28. A water-soluble plant alkaloid use as a drug for gout treatment. It primarily prevents MSU-induced immunological activation of various inflammations by preventing the formation and polymerization of microtubule proteins.3
  14. 33. Which class of medications, often used to reduce inflammation, is commonly prescribed to manage acute gout attacks?3
  15. 34. A non-purine xanthine oxidase inhibitor that has equivalent efficacy in the majority of gout patients who are sensitive to allopurinol.3
  16. 37. Which ethnic group has been found to have a higher prevalence of gout compared to others?11
  17. 40. The primary cytokines involved in gout flares5
  18. 41. Gout is a common and curable disease characterized by the deposition of __________ in articular and non-articular structures.1
  19. 43. What is a potential complication of gout, caused by the formation of uric acid crystals in the kidneys, that can lead to severe pain and obstruction?
  20. 46. A membrane transporter is responsible for the largest amount of uric acid reabsorption; thus, its inhibitors are a very effective and promising family of uricosuric medicines that aim to increase renal urate excretion by lowering urate anions reabsorption.9
  21. 47. What is the most significant risk factor for the development of gout?1
  22. 48. Which class of medications, including dihydropyridines (e.g., amlodipine), has a good effect on gout by dilating afferent arterioles, increasing glomerular filtration rate (GFR), and enhancing uric acid filtration?17
  23. 49. The medications are rapid and effective in relieving pain and inflammation in patients with acute gout3
  24. 50. What is the procedure that fluid is withdrawn from a joint to check for monosodium urate crystals, which helps in diagnosing gout?
Down
  1. 1. Which novel β-sulfonyl nitrile compound selectively inhibits the NLRP3 inflammasome in neutrophils and macrophages and has been shown to reduce MSU crystal-induced joint inflammation in mice?16
  2. 3. What is the most commonly affected joint in the foot during a gout attack?13
  3. 5. Which medication belong to uricosuric agents commonly prescribed for gout?3
  4. 6. Which formation is the cardinal feature of advanced gout?6
  5. 8. Gout is an _______ disease characterized by acute or chronic inflammation and damage to bone joints induced due to the precipitation of monosodium urate (MSU) crystals.10
  6. 9. Uric acid builds up due to dysfunction of this organ
  7. 12. In which bodily fluid are monosodium urate (MSU) crystals identified to confirm a diagnosis of gout?8
  8. 13. Enzyme replacement therapy, a powerful uric acid lowering drugs that promote the regression of gout tophi3
  9. 14. Which gender is more commonly affected by gout?11
  10. 15. Which type of medications, including chemotherapies, increase cell turnover and lead to a higher purine burden, potentially triggering gout?17
  11. 18. Which common over-the-counter medication, often used for pain relief, when taken in low doses, can increase serum urate levels and potentially trigger gout, but decreases serum urate at higher doses by inhibiting tubular reabsorption of uric acid?17
  12. 19. PEGylated recombinant uricase that has been approved for the treatment of resistant gout. It removes huge amounts of tissue monosodium urate deposits more quickly and efficiently in severe gout in case it is limited by its immunogenicity5
  13. 24. Which pathway newly creates purine?7
  14. 25. ACID Which medication with URAT1 and OAT2 transporters in the nephron, leading to decreased urinary excretion of uric acid and potentially worsening gout?17
  15. 27. Which type of beverage, commonly consumed in excess, is associated with a higher risk of gout attacks due to its ability to elevate uric acid levels?17
  16. 29. Which immune cells act as double-edged swords in gout by both initiating acute inflammation and contributing to its resolution?10
  17. 30. A precursor of oxypurinol, attaches itself to the xanthine oxidase active site and prevents the last stage of purine degradation without influencing the production of purine nucleosides.3
  18. 31. What type of medication is used as a second-line urate-lowering therapy (ULT) for patients who are resistant to or intolerant of xanthine oxidase inhibitors (XOI)?15
  19. 32. Which gene encodes the glucose transporter GLUT9 and plays a key role in mediating urate reabsorption in the proximal renal tubule?15
  20. 35. What metabolic condition is a major risk factor for gout due to its association with increased uric acid levels?11
  21. 36. Which fruit is known for its potential to reduce uric acid levels and help manage gout symptoms?12
  22. 38. Which gene encodes URAT1 and regulates urate reabsorption from the urine in the renal tubular apical membrane?15
  23. 39. Disorder of which metabolism can cause gout?2
  24. 42. Which immune cells respond to MSU crystals by activating specific receptors and releasing proinflammatory molecules?10
  25. 44. Carbohydrate that increase uric acid production lead to risk of hyperuremia
  26. 45. Which antihypertensive medication inhibits the uptake of uric acid by the URAT1 transporter in the nephron and may help reduce uric acid levels in gout patients?17