Across
- 1. (570-495 BCE) credited with many mathematical and scientific discoveries / built on the theories in geometry developed by the Babylonians and Indians centuries earlier
- 4. (428-348 BCE) founder of a philosophical school in Athens / taught the theory of forms, which suggests that the physical world is not as real or true as "Forms" - the non-physical, timeless, absolute, and unchangeable essences of all things, which objects in the physical world merely imitate
- 5. (454-395 BCE) claimed descent from Heracles / with Persian money, Sparta built a massive fleet under his leadership / won a streak of decisive victories in the Aegean that led Athens to capitulate and give up its empire
- 7. city-state that ended Sparta domination / their victory at the Battle of Leuctra in 371 BCE permanently altered the Greek balance of power / their supremacy in Greece was short-lived, as they were defeated by the Macedonians in 338 BCE
- 10. (460-370 BCE) a Greek physician who revolutionized ancient medicine / credited with the oath, whereby physicians swear to uphold specific ethical standards, that is still used today
- 13. lasted for 27 years and resulted in the dramatic downfall of the Athenian Empire and the rise of Sparta as the dominant Greek city-state
- 14. (480-404 BCE / also referred to as the Age of Pericles) during this period, Athens was recognized for development of democracy, as well as its achievements in art, philosophy, architecture, and literature
- 15. resident foreigners with the rights of citizens in Ancient Greece / required to pay a poll tax and have a citizen sponsor / restricted in marriage and property ownership
- 16. third phase of the Peloponnesian War began after the disastrous invasion of this island / south of the Italian peninsula
- 17. small kingdom outside of the area dominated by the great city-states of Athens, Sparta, and Thebes, and briefly subordinate to Persia / viewed as inferior or even as barbarians by the rest of the Greeks
- 20. state-owned serfs who worked the land and performed other labor to support the Spartan citizens / this population rebelled against their Spartan masters after an earthquake in 464 BCE / outnumbered the Spartan population 224,000 to 32,000 in the 5th century BCE
- 22. (495-429 BCE)Athenian statesman responsible for the development of Athenian democracy and the Athenian empire / used the new weapon of the popular vote against the old power of family politics / oversaw the construction of the Acropolis, which included the Parthenon
- 23. (485-425 BCE) described as the "Father of History" to some - the "Father of Lies" to others / during the Golden Age of Athens, he wrote "The Histories" - a detailed account of the Greco-Persian Wars
- 24. formed in 478 BCE after the Persian Wars to protect Greek territory from another Persian invasion / emerged as the Athenian Empire
Down
- 2. a heavily armed foot soldier of Ancient Greece / carried a short stabbing sword, a spear one and a half times their height, and a wooden shield / wore bronze armor / fought in a phalanx formation
- 3. a peninsula and geographic region in Southern Greece, and the southernmost region of the Balkans / major cities of Sparta, Corinth, Argos and Megalopolis were all located on this peninsula
- 6. alliance network dominated by Sparta / lasted from 560 to 366 BCE
- 8. (359-336 BCE) conquered most of Greece / achieved this conquest through the reformation of his army, his extensive use of siege engines, and his use of effective diplomacy and marriage alliances / father of Alexander the Great
- 9. (460-399 BCE) an Athenian general who wrote the contemporary History of the Peloponnesian War between Athens and Sparta
- 11. (338-337 BCE) federation of Greek states created in order to unify Greek military forces under Macedonian leadership (hegemony) in their conquest of the Achaemenid Persian Empire
- 12. the dominance of one group or nations over another
- 18. (525-456) father of tragedy / wrote the Oresteia, concerning the murder of Agamemnon (a king of Mycenae who commanded the Greeks during the Trojan War) by his wife Clytemnestra
- 19. (470-399 BCE) Greek philosopher from Athens who is credited as the founder of Western philosophy / first moral philosopher of the ethical tradition of thought / examined subjects in the style of question and answer
- 21. (384-322 BCE) his writings cover a broad range of subjects spanning the natural sciences, philosophy, linguistics, economics, politics, psychology, and the arts / shortly after Plato died, he left Athens, and at the request of Philip II, tutored his son Alexander the Great