Groundwater

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Across
  1. 2. An area in which productive wells are drilled (similar to an oil field).
  2. 3. A type of wetland in which water is present for only part of the year, usually during the wet or rainy seasons; also known as vernal pools.
  3. 6. Several types of rocks can hold water, including: sedimentary deposits (sand and gravel), channels in carbonate rocks (limestone), lava tubes or cooling fractures in igneous rocks, and fractures in hard rocks.
  4. 9. An aquifer in which the upper boundary is the water table.
  5. 11. The portion below the earth's surface that is saturated with water is called the zone of saturation. The upper surface of this zone, open to atmospheric pressure, is known as the water table.
  6. 14. A layer of material (clay) in an aquifer through which water does not pass.
  7. 16. exist where the groundwater is bounded between layers of impermeable substances like clay or dense rock. When tapped by a well, water in confined aquifers is forced up, sometimes above the soil surface. This is how a flowing artesian well is formed.
  8. 17. A layer of material beneath the surface soil.
  9. 20. the zone above the water table is known as the aeration zone.
  10. 21. that is present in the unsaturated zone, their roots may also tap into capillary water or into the underlying saturated zone.
Down
  1. 1. The movement of a substance from an area of high concentration to an area of low concentration.
  2. 2. Facilities that treat water to remove contaminants so that it can be safely used.
  3. 4. An outflow of water from a stream, pipe, groundwater aquifer, or watershed; the opposite of recharge.
  4. 5. Water found in the spaces between soil particles and cracks in rocks underground (located in the saturation zone). Groundwater is a natural resource that is used for drinking, recreation, industry, and growing crops.
  5. 7. Precipitation that flows over land to surface streams, rivers, and lakes
  6. 8. Water above the surface of the land, including lakes, rivers, streams, ponds, floodwater, and runoff.
  7. 10. Just above the water table, in the aeration zone, is capillary water that moves upward from the water table by capillary action. This water can move slowly and in any direction. While most plants rely upon moisture from
  8. 12. The process by which water absorbed by plants (usually through the roots) is evaporated into the atmosphere from the plant surface (principally from the leaves).
  9. 13. A layer of porous material (rock, soil, unconsolidated sediment); in an aquifer, the layer through which water freely passes as it moves through the ground.
  10. 15. An underground geological formation able to store and yield water.
  11. 18. Groundwater supplies are replenished, or recharged, when water enters the saturation zone by actions like rain or snow melt.
  12. 19. The top of an unconfined aquifer; indicates the level below which soil and rock are saturated with water.