Across
- 2. The process by which cells like neutrophils and macrophages engulf and digest pathogens, dead cells, or debris.
- 5. Substances (endogenous or exogenous) that trigger the hypothalamus to raise body temperature, producing fever.
- 7. The guided movement of immune cells toward higher concentrations of chemical signals released during tissue damage or infection.
- 9. An inflammatory mediator released mainly by mast cells that increases vascular permeability and causes vasodilation.
- 11. Low-protein, low-cellular fluid that accumulates due to increased hydrostatic pressure or decreased oncotic pressure, not inflammation.
- 12. Any foreign substance or molecule that is recognized by the immune system and stimulates production of antibodies or T-cell activation.
- 13. Formation of new blood vessels from existing ones, often occurring during wound healing and chronic inflammation.
Down
- 1. White blood cells (T cells, B cells, and NK cells) responsible for adaptive immune responses and immune memory.
- 3. (Igs) Antibody proteins produced by B cells that recognize and bind specific antigens to help neutralize or eliminate pathogens.
- 4. Cell Antigen-presenting cell that captures, processes, and presents antigens to T lymphocytes to initiate the adaptive immune response.
- 6. A condition where the immune system fails to distinguish self from non-self and attacks the body’s own tissues.
- 8. A type of cytokine that directs the movement of immune cells to areas of injury or infection.
- 10. Small protein messengers released by immune cells that regulate inflammation, cell signaling, and the immune response.