Across
- 6. An ideology promoting the interests of a particular nation, which gained prominence in England and France during and after the Hundred Years War
- 7. A devastating global epidemic that swept through Europe between 1347 and 1351, killing a massive portion of the population.
- 8. The 1295 English Parliament of King Edward I, which included not only nobles and clergy but also representatives from boroughs and shires (commoners)
- 9. A skilled worker who had completed an apprenticeship and earned wages working for a master, but did not yet own their own shop
- 13. A formal written order issued by a court or other competent authority commanding an official to do or refrain from doing an act.
- 16. A formal document granted by a governing authority (like a monarch) that outlines the rights, privileges, and responsibilities of an individual, group, or organization
- 17. A major uprising in England in 1381, resulting from the social and economic tensions heightened by the Black Death and the imposition of a poll tax
- 18. The term used by medieval Europeans to refer to the Muslim inhabitants of the Iberian Peninsula and North Africa (Arabs, Berbers, and Muslim Europeans).
- 19. A powerful type of bow, primarily used by the English during the Hundred Years War
- 20. A young person (usually a boy) legally bound to a master craftsman for a fixed period (often 5-7 years) in exchange for learning the trade, along with food, clothing, and shelter.
- 21. A body of law developed from customs and judicial decisions (precedents) rather than from laws passed by a legislature or assembly
Down
- 1. Established in the late 15th century by Ferdinand and Isabella, this judicial institution was intended to maintain Catholic orthodoxy in Spain
- 2. A association of craftsmen or merchants of a particular trade, formed for mutual aid and protection, and to maintain standards and control competition.
- 3. A piece of work produced by a journeyman to demonstrate a high level of skill and competence to the guild masters
- 4. A sudden or violent start of something unwelcome, particularly war, disease, or social unrest.
- 5. Latin for "Great Charter," this 1215 document was a critical step in English history. Forced upon King John by rebellious barons, it established the principle that the king was not above the law and guaranteed certain rights
- 10. A full, experienced, and approved member of a guild who owned their own workshop, could sell their goods, and train apprentices.
- 11. A legal action that requires a person under arrest to be brought before a judge or into court. The writ of habeas corpus (Latin for "you may have the body")
- 12. A violent or sudden change or disruption to something (social, political, or economic)
- 14. A series of military campaigns (roughly 718-1492) by Christian states to recapture territory on the Iberian Peninsula (modern Spain and Portugal)
- 15. A long conflict (1337-1453) between the Kingdoms of England and France. It was characterized by military innovation and helped foster distinct national identities