Across
- 1. land given to a vassal in exchange for military service
- 10. First Roman emperor, he was originally named Octavian
- 11. Ancient Vedic religion of India
- 12. Post-Gupta Hindu religious movement that places emphasis on devotion to one specific Hindu deity as a means to achieve moksha
- 13. this was completed in 1492
- 15. First Christian Roman emperor, he briefly reunited the two halves of the Roman Empire
- 20. Christian Church based in Constantinople
- 23. Frankish king who became first Holy Roman Emperor
- 27. golden age of Rome
- 29. Form of government in which a state is ruled by representatives elected by citizens
- 31. professional soldier in medieval Europe
- 32. Mali's greatest and most famous ruler, he was a devout Muslim. He made a famous pilgrimage to Mecca that helped spread Mali's fame
- 37. Leader of the Huns, he led invasions of Constantinople, Greece, Gaul, and northern Italy and was greatly feared by the Romans
- 38. a semiarid region in Africa just south of the Sahara that separates the desert from wetter areas
- 40. most common form of plague
- 41. Founder of Islam. He spread Islam's teachings to the people of Arabia. His teachings make up the Qur'an
- 43. Empress of the Eastern Roman Empire and Justinian's wife, she helped her husband rule
- 44. golden age of Islam
- 45. A title that Muslims use for the highest leader of Islam
Down
- 2. system in which military service and protection are exchanged for land, food, and labour
- 3. One of two elected leaders of Roman Republican government
- 4. Roman general and first dictator for life
- 5. Gupta scientist and mathematician who invented the modern decimal system
- 6. Emperor of the Easter Roman Empire, he organized all Roman laws into a legal system called Justinian's Code. He also reconquered much of the Mediterranean and built Hagia Sophia.
- 7. Emperor and military leader who expanded the Gupta Empire to its greatest size
- 8. Frankish king who defeated the Muslims at the Battle of Tours, ending the Muslim invasion of Europe
- 9. drove the economy of feudal Europe
- 14. A building for Muslim prayer
- 16. Type of government in which the state's legal system is based on religious law and the government leaders are religious leaders or answer to religious leaders
- 17. battle that occured in 1066
- 18. Roman emperor, he divided the Roman empire into two halves
- 19. French peasant who united France and turned the tide of the 100 Years war
- 21. Byzantine general who captured Rome
- 22. Hindu cycle of birth, death, and rebirth
- 24. A West African storyteller
- 25. A person who can participate in government
- 26. The first caliph, he ruled the Muslim world after Muhammad's death
- 28. the belief that bodies of water, animals, trees, and other natural objects have spirits
- 30. A member of the second largest branch of Islam
- 33. An tropical grassland with scattered trees
- 34. A picture made with pieces of stone or glass
- 35. A human made channel that carries water from distant places
- 36. Islamic law code
- 39. golden age if India
- 42. Muslim general during the third crusade