Harm from Radiation

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Across
  1. 6. The sum of the individual doses received in a given time period by a specified population from exposure to a specified source of radiation.
  2. 11. a measure of ionization in air caused by x-rays or gamma rays only.
  3. 12. 1) the act of breathing in; 2) in the case of radionuclides or chemicals, breathing in radionuclides or chemicals.
  4. 13. the radioactive material resulting from spent nuclear fuel reprocessing.
  5. 14. protection sometimes known as radiological protection, is the science of protecting people and the environment from the harmful effects of ionizing radiation, which includes both particle radiation and high energy electromagnetic radiation.
Down
  1. 1. the time required for one half of the amount of a substance, such as a radionuclide, to be expelled from the body by natural metabolic processes, not counting radioactive decay, once it has been taken in through inhalation, ingestion, or absorption.
  2. 2. a device designed to spread radioactive material by conventional explosives when the bomb explodes. A dirty bomb kills or injures people through the initial blast of the conventional explosive and spreads radioactive contamination over possibly a large area—hence the term “dirty.”
  3. 3. 1) the act of swallowing; 2) in the case of radionuclides or chemicals, swallowing radionuclides or chemicals by eating or drinking.
  4. 4. an exposure to radiation that occurred in a matter of minutes rather than in longer, continuing exposure over a period of time.
  5. 5. the probability of injury, disease, or death under specific circumstances and time periods. Risk can be expressed as a value that ranges from 0% (no injury or harm will occur) to 100% (harm or injury will definitely occur)
  6. 7. ionizing radiation from natural sources, such as terrestrial radiation due to radionuclides in the soil or cosmic radiation originating in outer space.
  7. 8. the amount of energy deposited by ionizing radiation in a unit mass of tissue. It is expressed in units of joule per kilogram (J/kg), and called “Gray” (Gy).
  8. 9. exposure to a substance over a long period of time, possibly resulting in adverse health effects.
  9. 10. exposure to radiation.