Heart Failure

2. Most causes of HF result in the dysfunction of the left ___.
5. These hormones are increased in HF and may have some protective effect by decreasing preload.
8. is the ability of the heart to eject blood effectively, this is decreased in persons with HF.
9. A disease that predisposes someone to HF. It does this by disturbed calcium metabolism, oxidative stress, changes in fatty acid and GLUCOSE metabolism and mitchondrial dysfunction.
10. is defined as an ejection fraction of <40% and the inability of the heart to generate adequate CO to perfuse vital organs (abbreviation)
11. this should be restricted in the diet of someone with HF.
13. These receptors in the central circulation detect decrease in perfusion (when co drops) and stimulate the SNS to cause vasoconstriction and release of ADH.

1. This is another important risk factor for HF.
3. Pulmonary overcirculation from large left-to-right shunts(mixing) is called?
4. __ blockers are meds that reduce myocardial demand
6. This type of heart disease is one of the most important predisposing factors in HF.
7. depends on the heart rate and stroke volume.
12. __ inhibitors are meds used to reduce mortality in HF byreducing preload and afterload.
14. this ventricle dysfunctional especially in pulmonary disease.