Historical Massage Timeline (3000 BCE - 1900 AD)

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Across
  1. 4. Another Persian philosopher/physician that wrote hundreds of books including The Canon of Medicine in 1000 AD that has many references to exercise and massage.
  2. 6. The two brothers who studied in Sweden and then introduced The Swedish Movement Cure to the United States when they opened a clinic in New York in 1858.
  3. 8. A Roman who wrote De Medicina sometime between 20-30 BCE and described exercise, bathing, and massage.
  4. 11. The French barber/surgeon who wrote about the positive effects and employed gentle, medium, and vigorous friction and joint movements in 1570.
  5. 12. The German physician who published Technik Der Massage in 1900.
  6. 13. The man that wrote of exercise and massage as healing agents for warriors in the Iliad and the Odyssey in 900 BCE.
  7. 14. The period of time in the West from 475-1450 AD when few medical or historical books were written, and massage was abandoned in medical institutions.
  8. 15. The Dutch physician who, from 1880-1909, established scientific massage as a basis of rehabilitation and preferred the French terminology effleurage, pertrisage, and tapotement that are still in use today.
  9. 17. The man who published the first book in English on the Swedish Movements in 1851.
  10. 19. The Persian philosopher/physician that helped preserve the teachings of the Greeks and Romans in 900 AD. His writings included the use of exercise, diet, and massage.
  11. 20. In 1800, English surgeon and practitioner of ________ (healing with the hand) John Grosvenor wrote about the value of frictions for the relief of gout, stiff joints, and rheumatism.
Down
  1. 1. Per Henrick Ling of Sweden developed medical gymnastics in 1825, later known as the Swedish Movement Cure and the precursor to this type of massage.
  2. 2. The Roman Emperor who converted to Christianity around 220-237 AD and destroyed the baths and gymnasiums because of widespread "abuses" of a sexual nature.
  3. 3. The Italian man who wrote De Arte Gymnastica on gymnastics and the benefits of massage in 1569.
  4. 5. The physician from Boston who wrote extensively about the benefits of "massage" (first in U.S. to use the term), and was a founding member of The American Physical Education Association in 1885.
  5. 6. In India in 300 BCE, the Laws of Manu defined ________, a Hindu technique of massage in the bath.
  6. 7. In 1800 BCE, this (made in India) describes massage techniques among its hygienic principles.
  7. 9. This man, known as the father of modern medicine, described the effects of various massage movements in 400 BCE.
  8. 10. The Society of Trained Masseuses was formed in _______ in 1894.
  9. 12. The Greek man that founded the first gymnasium in 700 BCE, where exercise and massage were combined to promote health.
  10. 16. The San-Tsao-Tou-Hoei was published in 600 AD in Japan and listed both active and _______ movements.
  11. 18. In 3000 BCE, the Cong Fou of Tao-Tse in China describes the use of medicinal plants, exercise, and ______ for health maintenance.