History 111 Final Learning Assessment

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Across
  1. 4. Emperor ______________ divided the Roman Empire into two halves, the Western Empire and the Eastern Empire. (Week 13)
  2. 6. Pagans of the pre-Islamic world believed that the ____________, a large black stone, housed their many deities. (Week 15)
  3. 8. During the Council of Clermont, Pope ___________ declared that Crusaders would earn a plenary indulgence, offering them forgiveness for sins upon entering the war. [Do not include the numbers at the end of the name] (Week 16)
  4. 11. __________________, a widely traveled Arab scholar, merchant, and public official returned home from visiting the Swahili coast and then Mali with a caravan that included 600 slaves who walked across the burning desert, while he rode comfortably atop a camel. (Week 9)
  5. 13. Probably the most famous of the Merovingian Dynasty, ________ was responsible for leading the Franks and converting them to Catholicism. (Week 14)
  6. 14. Reportedly the site where Abraham nearly sacrificed his son, the __________________ is also Islam’s first great work of art. (Week 15)
  7. 15. Muhammad’s journey from Mecca to Medina in 622CE is known as the _______________ and marks the start of the Islamic calendar. (Week 15)
  8. 17. It is said that during the _______________________ crusaders could not see their feet due to the amount of blood flowing freely in the streets. (Week 16)
  9. 19. A vassal was granted possession of a _________, or a piece of land, by a lord, in exchange for military service. (Week 14)
  10. 20. Buddhism never completely replaced the Japanese religion of ____________, which focused on numerous Kami, or sacred spirits associated with human ancestors. (Week 11)
  11. 21. As Temudgin’s (Temujin’s) blood brother, _____________ agrees to help him get his wife back from the Merkit tribe. (Week 12)
  12. 24. The holy text of the Islamic world is known as ____________________, and some believe that it was narrated directly to Muhammad by God. (Week 15)
  13. 25. The Seventh Crusade was led by _________________, the King of France, and proved an utter failure, as he died without coming anywhere near the Holy Lands. [Do not include the number at the end of the name] (Week 17)
  14. 28. The _________________________ reached across the vast Sahara, linking North Africa and the Mediterranean world with the land and peoples of interior West Africa, and transformed African civilization. (Week 9)
  15. 30. Trade routes across the ___________ represented the largest sea-based system of exchange in the Middle Ages, stretching from China to Eastern Africa (Week 9)
  16. 31. During the Hundred Years War, the British experienced early success as a result of the ________________. (Week 14)
  17. 32. The capital city of China in the Middle Ages, upon which many other Asian capitals were modeled. (Week 11)
  18. 33. In 410 CE Alaric sacked the city of Rome in the name of his people, the ____________, causing the Western Empire to fall to a surge of barbarian groups. (Week 13)
  19. 35. The Kingdom of ___________________ emerged as a result of Malay sailors opening the sea route between India and China through the Straits of Malacca around 350 CE, causing competition between small ports along the Malay Peninsula and Straits of Sumatra, which attracted traders and travelers. (Week 9)
  20. 36. One could reasonably argue that the Black Death contributed to the _______________, a fracture in Western Christianity, particularly when priests refused to offer last rites. (Week 14)
  21. 39. The _______________ was an 11th century religious conflict that led Eastern Europeans to align with the Orthodox Church and Western Europeans to follow the papacy and Roman Catholicism. (Week 13)
  22. 40. Eastern Europe practiced a form of government in which the ruler was both the head of state and the head of the church, which was fittingly known as ____________________. (Week 13)
  23. 43. Emperor ______________ adopted Christianity as the state religion of Rome in the 4th century CE. (Week 13)
  24. 44. The small kinship based tribes of Western Europe worshipped the god _____________ and possessed strong warrior values during the Dark Ages. (Week 14)
  25. 45. The ______________ was the first Korean state to bring some political unity to the Korean peninsula. (Week 11)
  26. 47. The Mongols created a ________________ of way stations with horses and riders that quickly relayed information throughout their empire. (Week 12)
  27. 48. The giving of alms or the giving of a percentage of income from non-poor Muslims to the poor is known as __________________. (Week 15)
  28. 49. Originally, the ____________________ was simply a program of measures that attempted to limit warfare within Europe by insisting there be no fighting on holidays or weekends. (Week 16)
Down
  1. 1. The _________ division of Muslims believed that Muhammad had not appointed his successor during his life, but that he wanted the umma to choose a new leader from their peers and elders. (Week 15)
  2. 2. Emperor __________ reunited China, passed a series of land reforms to improve the lives of peasants, strengthened the centralization of government, facilitated trade, standardized the currency system, and brought higher status to the militia. (Week 11)
  3. 3. The __________________, a nomadic group from central Asia, began to work as mercenaries for the Abbasid Caliphate just before the start of the Crusades (Week 16)
  4. 5. Most historians would argue that _______________was the most effective pope in medieval history, as he had been trained in law and spoke the language of international diplomacy better than most political rulers in Europe. [Don’t include the number at the end of the name] (Week 17)
  5. 7. The foreign General __________ led a rebellion against the Tang Dynasty between 755 and 763 CE, which may have been a factor behind increasing xenophobia among the upper classes in China. (Week 11)
  6. 9. ________________ wrote about the perspective of the Christian Crusaders towards the Jews, saying let us first avenge ourselves on them and exterminate them from nations so that the name of Israel will no longer be remembered. (Week 17)
  7. 10. As the first Holy Roman Emperor, ______________ attempted to reclaim the former glory and territory of ancient Rome and succeeded in ushering in a period of cultural and intellectual activity. (Week 14)
  8. 12. __________ became the first caliph after the death of Muhammad. (Week 15)
  9. 16. _____________ drowned on his way to the Crusades, likely from having a heart attack, which caused him to fall off his horse into the water, while wearing armor so heavy he couldn’t swim back to the surface. (Week 17)
  10. 18. As the right-hand-man of Emperor Justinian, _______________ was responsible for nearly reuniting the Mediterranean Basin and for ending the chaos caused by warring mobs during the Nika Riots. (Week 13)
  11. 22. The Protestant Reformation began when _______________ tacked up a list of grievances with the Catholic church on the door of All Saints’ Church in Wittenburg, ushering in the _______________. (Week 17)
  12. 23. _________________ converted Kievan Rus to Eastern Orthodox Christianity, as he believed it provided vast trading incentives and the possibility of an alliance with the Byzantine Empire. (Week 13)
  13. 26. The reign of Ali led to the emergence of Uthman's tribe and the _________________ Dynasty, a ruling family that presided over an ever-expanding Islamic empire for more than a hundred years. (Week 15)
  14. 27. As the new Khan after the death of Temudgin’s (Temujin’s) father, _______________ lets Temudgin know that he will kill him just as soon as he is as tall as a wagon wheel. (Week 12)
  15. 29. The grandson of Genghis Khan, ________________ was a Mongol leader who conquered the Song Dynasty in 1279. (Week 12)
  16. 34. The First Crusade began in 1096 CE when Christian knights began to assemble from all over Europe and move toward the city of _____________________, were the Byzantines were horrified to see hordes of Western Europeans knocking at their doors. (Week 16)
  17. 37. The _______________ were pastoral nomads who frequently clashed with the Chinese and were the first to introduce Europeans to gunpowder. (Week 17)
  18. 38. _______________ helped to remove nearly 700 million tons of carbon from the atmosphere by killing 40 million people. (Week 12)
  19. 41. ______________ was one of the earliest targets of Viking raiders, as it was a monastery that was isolated, full of treasure, and populated by monks who aren’t very good fighters. (Week 14)
  20. 42. A social and economic system in Western Europe during the Dark Ages, in which the nobility was granted land by the King in exchange for military service, and vassals were in turn tenants of the nobles, while the peasants or serfs were obliged to live on their lord’s land and give him homage, labor, and a share of the produce, in exchange for military protection. (Week 14)
  21. 45. The ritual of praying five times per day facing Mecca is known as ______________. (Week 15)
  22. 46. Emperor Justinian published the _______________, an 800,000 word condensation of 1,528 Latin law books. (Week 13)