Across
- 4. Formerly enslaved abolitionist and influential speaker/writer.
- 5. Regional divisions over slavery, economy, and politics.
- 8. Writer of “Common Sense,” encouraging independence.
- 11. 1794 protest against a whiskey tax, showing federal strength under the Constitution.
- 13. 1828 tariff that angered the South; SC tried to nullify it, challenging federal power.
- 15. Southern states leaving the Union after Lincoln’s election.
- 20. Debate over interpreting the Constitution broadly (loose) or narrowly (strict).
- 22. Economic system where colonies exist to benefit the mother country through controlled trade.
- 25. (1850) Law requiring the capture and return of escaped enslaved people.
- 26. Constitutional agreement creating a bicameral legislature with proportional and equal representation.
- 29. Religious revival inspiring reforms like temperance, abolition, and women's rights.
- 30. 1754–1763 conflict where Britain defeated France and gained territory, leading to new colonial taxes.
- 32. 1803 U.S. purchase of French territory doubling the nation’s size.
- 35. Founding Father and first Secretary of the Treasury.
- 36. 11th president who expanded U.S. territory through the Mexican-American War.
- 39. 1770 incident where British soldiers killed several colonists, increasing tensions.
- 40. Abolitionist who led anti-slavery attacks including Harper’s Ferry.
- 44. Florida gained from Spain (1819); land from Mexico (1853) for railroads.
- 46. Abolitionist and editor of *The Liberator* newspaper.
- 48. 1798 laws limiting immigration and restricting speech against the government.
- 50. Founder of the first major Anglo-American settlement in Texas.
- 52. 1676 uprising by frontier settlers in Virginia protesting Native relations and colonial government.
- 55. independence then joining U.S.; dispute over Oregon boundary with Britain.
- 56. Underground Railroad conductor helping enslaved people escape.
- 57. The first ten amendments protecting individual freedoms.
- 58. / Freeport Doctrine 1858 debates on slavery; Douglas said territories could limit slavery by not enforcing laws.
- 60. Package of laws dealing with slavery expansion, including California free and a stricter fugitive slave law.
- 61. Congressman known for major compromises and the American System.
- 62. System used to elect the U.S. president through state-chosen electors.
- 63. Effort to expand legal and social rights for women in the 1800s.
- 64. 1776 document declaring the colonies independent from Britain.
Down
- 1. Destiny Belief that the U.S. was destined to expand west across the continent.
- 2. British taxes and punishments that increased colonial resistance.
- 3. Leader of an 1831 slave rebellion in Virginia.
- 6. Leader of Texas independence and first president of the Republic of Texas.
- 7. Constitution clause requiring enslaved people escaping to free states to be returned.
- 9. 3rd president and author of the Declaration of Independence.
- 10. Enslaved man whose Supreme Court case ruled he had no citizenship.
- 12. British trade laws requiring colonies to trade mainly with England.
- 14. British belief Parliament represented all citizens vs colonists’ demand for elected local reps.
- 16. Founder of the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints.
- 17. Southern politician supporting states’ rights and nullification.
- 18. 1846–48 war giving U.S. large western territory after Texas joined the Union.
- 19. Author of *Uncle Tom’s Cabin*, which increased antislavery sentiment.
- 21. Founding Father, inventor, diplomat.
- 23. System of forced labor based on race that existed from the 1600s to 1865.
- 24. 7th president known for populism, Indian Removal, and the Bank War.
- 27. First U.S. government; weak central power, no taxing authority, difficult to pass laws.
- 28. Group promoting sending free Black Americans to Africa (Liberia).
- 31. Election where power peacefully shifted from Federalists to Democratic-Republicans.
- 33. Purchase 1803 U.S. land purchase from France doubling national territory.
- 34. Movement to end slavery in the U.S.
- 37. 4th president and “Father of the Constitution.”
- 38. Land gained after the Mexican-American War under the 1848 treaty.
- 41. 2nd U.S. president and Founding Father.
- 42. Alexander Hamilton’s 1790s plan for the federal government to assume state debts and strengthen national credit.
- 43. Leader of the women’s rights movement; co-writer of the Declaration of Sentiments.
- 45. States Slave states that stayed in the Union during the Civil War (e.g., KY, MO, MD, DE).
- 47. four Ts here
- 49. 16th president who led the U.S. during the Civil War.
- 51. 1786–87 farmer uprising showing weaknesses of the Articles of Confederation.
- 53. 1859 raid by John Brown to start a slave uprising, increasing sectional tension.
- 54. extra space just put 4 As
- 59. just put 4 ds here