Across
- 3. Pacific Railway – A railway that allowed government troops to travel quickly to the west. This helped the Canadian government defeat the resistance faster.
- 7. of Loon Lake – The final battle of the 1885 conflict. Government forces defeated a small group of Cree warriors, marking the end of major armed resistance in western Canada.
- 9. Rebellion – An uprising in 1885 where Métis and some First Nations fought against the Canadian government. They resisted because their land, rights, and food supplies were threatened, and the government refused to address their needs.
- 11. – The main community where the Métis set up a provisional government. Government troops attacked in May 1885 and defeated the Métis after several days of fighting, effectively ending the resistance.
- 12. – A people of mixed Indigenous and European ancestry who lived in western Canada. In the 1880s, they faced major problems when the government ignored their land system, threatened their farms, and refused to listen to their complaints, leading them to resist.
- 13. – The actions taken by the Métis and some First Nations to defend their land, food, and culture. They wanted the government to recognize their rights and stop pushing them aside.
- 16. Defence – The Métis prepared trenches and rifle pits around Batoche to protect their community. Despite strong resistance, they were overwhelmed by larger, better-equipped government forces.
- 18. Expansion – More settlers moved west to farm, often taking land traditionally used by Métis and Indigenous peoples. This increased tension and contributed to the causes of the rebellion.
- 19. Grievances – Complaints Indigenous communities had toward the government, such as starvation, lack of promised support, broken treaties, and the loss of buffalo, their main food source.
- 20. Surveys – The government’s land-dividing system that cut the land into square sections. This ignored the Métis river-lot system, threatened their farms, and made their communities feel pushed aside.
Down
- 1. Canadian Mounted Police (North-West Mounted Police at the time) – They were the government force sent to enforce laws in the west. Their presence sometimes added tension, especially when they supported unpopular government policies.
- 2. of Fish Creek – A major fight where a smaller Métis group successfully delayed government troops using surprise tactics. It showed the skill and determination of the Métis fighters.
- 4. Lake – The location of the first major battle in March 1885. A clash between the Métis/NWMP and government forces started the open fighting of the North-West Rebellion.
- 5. – Another Indigenous group involved in the resistance. They faced similar hardships and took part in the conflict when conditions became unbearable.
- 6. Nations – Indigenous groups such as the Cree and Assiniboine who suffered from broken treaty promises, hunger, and loss of land. Their difficult situation pushed many of them to join the resistance alongside the Métis.
- 8. Government – A temporary government formed by the Métis at Batoche in 1885. They created it because the federal government refused to listen to their concerns about land and rights.
- 10. Rights – Promises made to Indigenous peoples that included land, food support, and hunting rights. Many of these promises were not kept, causing anger and contributing to the conflict.
- 14. – A First Nations group that joined the resistance due to starvation, unfair treatment, and lack of government support after treaties were signed.
- 15. Promises – Agreements the government made earlier to protect land and rights for Métis and Indigenous peoples. By the 1880s, many promises were broken or ignored, increasing frustration.
- 17. – Before fighting began, Métis leaders wrote petitions to the government asking for land rights, fair treatment, and political representation. These requests were ignored, which pushed them toward resistance.