History of Medicine

5. Polish-French physicist who discovered radium and polonium, pioneering research on radioactivity.
6. The historical medical practice of withdrawing blood from a patient to cure illness or balance humors.
8. The deadly 14th-century pandemic caused by the bacterium Yersinia pestis.
11. British physician who developed the first successful smallpox vaccine using cowpox.
12. American virologist who developed the first successful inactivated polio vaccine in the 1950s.
14. British surgeon who pioneered antiseptic surgery by using carbolic acid to sterilize instruments.
15. The traditional medical system of ancient India, focusing on a balance between mind, body, and spirit.
17. The historical theory that diseases were caused by foul air or bad smells.
19. The 19th-century nurse known as the "Lady with the Lamp" who revolutionized modern nursing and hospital sanitation.
20. English physician who first correctly described the systemic circulation of blood in the body.

1. French scientist who disproved spontaneous generation and developed the process of heating liquids to kill bacteria.
2. The first woman to receive a medical degree in the United States.
3. Greek physician known as the "Father of Medicine."
4. German physicist who accidentally discovered X-rays in 1895.
7. The ancient Roman physician whose theories on human anatomy dominated Western medicine for over 1,300 years.
9. The ancient Greek belief that health depends on the balance of four bodily fluids.
10. The first mass-produced antibiotic, discovered by Alexander Fleming in 1928.
13. The 16th-century Belgian physician who wrote De humani corporis fabrica, correcting many of Galen's anatomical errors.
16. The ancient Egyptian architect and physician later deified as a god of medicine.
18. The fundamental scientific theory that microorganisms are the cause of many specific diseases.