radio-isotopes

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Across
  1. 3. -3 (Tritiated Water): Used as a tracer to study sewage and liquid wastes.
  2. 12. -54:Used to predict the behaviour of heavy metal components in effluents from mining waste water.
  3. 13. (H-3): Used to measure 'young' groundwater (up to 30 years).
  4. 16. -169:Used in gamma radiography and non-destructive testing.
  5. 18. Fr-223 with a half life of 22 minutes
  6. 19. Am-243 with a half life of 7370 years
  7. 20. -14: Used to measure the age of wood and other carbon-containing materials (up to 20,000 years) and subterranean water (up to 50,000 years).
  8. 22. Tc-91 with a half life of 4.21 x 106 years
  9. 23. Pa-231 with a half life of 3.28 x 104 years
  10. 26. -210: Used to date layers of sand and soil up to 80 years.
  11. 27. Rn-222 with a half life of 3.82 days
  12. 28. U-236 with a half life of 2.34 x 107 years
  13. 29. -137:Used for radiotracer technique for identification of sources of soil erosion and deposition, in density and fill height level switches. Also for low-intensity gamma sterilisation.
  14. 30. -63 Used in light sensors in cameras and plasma display, also electronic discharge prevention and in electron capture detectors for thickness gauges.
Down
  1. 1. Ra-226 with a half life of 1600 years
  2. 2. -36: Used to measure sources of chloride and the age of water (up to 2 million years).
  3. 4. -198 & Technetium-99m:Used to study sewage and liquid waste movements, as well as tracing factory waste causing ocean pollution, and to trace sand movement in river beds and ocean floors.
  4. 5. Po-209 with a half life of 102 years
  5. 6. Th-229 with a half life of 7.54 x 104 years
  6. 7. -51:Used to label sand to study coastal erosion, also a tracer in study of blood.
  7. 8. -75:Used in gamma radiography and non-destructive testing.
  8. 9. Np-237 with a half life of 2.14 x 106 years
  9. 10. At-210 with a half life of 8.1 hours
  10. 11. -65:Used to predict the behaviour of heavy metal components in effluents from mining waste water.
  11. 14. -85:Used for industrial gauging.
  12. 15. Pm-145 with a half life of 17.4 years
  13. 17. -192 Used in gamma radiography to locate flaws in metal components.
  14. 21. -90:Used for industrial gauging.
  15. 23. Pu-244 with a half life of 8.00 x 107 years
  16. 24. Ac-227 with a half life of 21.77 years
  17. 25. -204:Used for industrial gauging.
  18. 29. -60: Widely used for gamma sterilisation, industrial radiography, density and fill height switches.
  19. 31. Cm-247 with a half life of 1.56 x 107 years