History of the Ayyubids and Mamluks

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Across
  1. 2. Military commander rank within the Mamluk hierarchy
  2. 4. Last major Crusader port city, captured by the Mamluks in 1291
  3. 6. Mongol refugees who defected and were absorbed into the Mamluk military
  4. 7. Battle of ___ Jalut - landmark Mamluk victory that halted the Mongol advance
  5. 8. First great Mamluk sultan; hero of Ain Jalut and conqueror of Crusader strongholds
  6. 9. Enemies defeated by the Mamluks at Ain Jalut in 1260
  7. 13. Capital city and political heart of the Mamluk Sultanate
  8. 15. Free-born auxiliary cavalry that served alongside the core Mamluk troops
Down
  1. 1. Saladin's great fortress built in Cairo, later used by Mamluks
  2. 3. Land-grant system used to compensate Mamluk amirs for military service
  3. 5. Mamluk sultan who expelled the Crusaders and founded a famous hospital in Cairo
  4. 10. Empire that conquered the Mamluks at the Battle of Marj Dabiq in 1516
  5. 11. Title held by the supreme ruler of the Mamluk state
  6. 12. Original social status of soldiers recruited into the Mamluk army
  7. 14. Arabic word meaning "owned"; term for the enslaved soldier-rulers of Egypt