Across
- 6. , The organelle in eukaryotic cells where aerobic respiration occurs and ATP is produced.
- 8. , Energy stored in the bonds of molecules (like glucose) that can be used by cells.
- 11. , A substance that starts a chemical reaction (used up during the reaction).
- 13. cellular respiration that occurs without oxygen
- 14. , A substance that is produced by a chemical reaction.
- 16. The main energy currency of the cell, used to power biological processes.
- 20. The diffusion of water molecules across a selectively permeable membrane.
- 25. movement of molecules from an area of high concentration to low concentration until equilibrium is reached.
- 26. process of converting light energy into chemical energy
- 27. movement of molecules against their concentration gradient (low → high) using energy (ATP).
- 28. reactant in respiration & waste product of photosynthesis
- 29. The outer boundary of a cell that controls what enters and leaves, keeping the cell’s internal environment stable.
- 30. A byproduct of anaerobic respiration in animal cells, produced when oxygen is low (e.g., during intense exercise).
Down
- 1. , Energy from the sun that can be captured by chlorophyll to make chemical energy in photosynthesis.
- 2. A type of feedback mechanism that amplifies a change, often moving the system further from its starting point (e.g., blood clotting).
- 3. The ability of an organism or cell to maintain a stable internal environment despite changes in the external environment.
- 4. A byproduct of anaerobic respiration (alcoholic fermentation) in yeast and some bacteria.
- 5. A process in which the body or a cell responds to a change in order to maintain homeostasis.
- 7. The movement of molecules without using energy, usually along the concentration gradient (high → low).
- 9. dioxide, plants remove this gas from the atmosphere through photosynthesis
- 10. A type of feedback mechanism that reverses a change to return the system to its normal state (e.g., shivering to raise body temperature).
- 12. , An anaerobic process that allows cells to produce ATP without oxygen, producing lactic acid or ethanol as a byproduct.
- 15. cellular respiration that occurs with oxygen making the maximum number of ATP
- 17. plants perform photosynthesis to create this
- 18. The green pigment in plants that absorbs light energy for photosynthesis.
- 19. The reaction of a cell or organism to a stimulus.
- 21. , A substance produced during a process that is not needed by the organism and is usually removed
- 22. A substance that helps maintain a stable pH in a solution, resisting changes when acids or bases are added.
- 23. The organelle in plant cells where photosynthesis occurs.
- 24. Any change in the environment (internal or external) that causes a response from an organism or cell.