Across
- 1. A series of chemical reactions that convert light energy to chemical energy within food (glucose)
- 5. concentration of solute greater inside the cell than outside the cell; water flows in
- 12. Occurs in the cytoplasm, Starts the sugar breakdown pathway of aerobic respiration and fermentation, produces 2 ATP and 2 pyruvate
- 14. Diffusion & Osmosis -No energy; moves down the concentration gradient
- 15. enters the leaves through tiny holes on the bottom of leaf, called stomata.
- 16. Material inside the cell packaged into vesicles
- 17. study of energy and energy transfer involving physical matter.
- 18. outcomes of reaction
- 19. main components of the cell membrane
- 22. makes ATP with oxygen: Happens in the mitochondria; results in 36-38 ATP
- 25. pocket in an enzyme where substrates bind and a reaction occurs
- 28. anaerobic sugar breakdown pathway that produces ATP and lactate
- 30. 2nd stage of photosynthesis: Also known as "Calvin cycle" or “Dark Reactions”; Occurs in stroma of chloroplasts, uses ATP to incorporate CO2 into carbohydrate, creates glucose
- 32. require energy to synthesize larger molecules.
- 34. molecule that enters a reaction and is changed by participating in it
- 35. cell to Cell recognition site (like lock and key)
- 36. Breakdown organic molecules without using oxygen, only uses glycolysis to break down glucose
- 41. light (photon) is absorbed by chlorophyll causing it to “donate” an electron. Requires water and light, occurs in the thylakoids, oxygen is the product
- 42. energy when objects are in motion.
- 43. a set of chemical reactions that involves the building, rearranging, or breaking down organic molecules.
- 44. Also called "Citric Acid Cycle"- occurs in the mitochondria matrix, produces 2 ATP and CO2
- 45. glucose --> ethyl alcohol + CO2 + 2 ATP
- 46. stored energy
- 49. Cytoplasm (gel-like) fluid inside the chloroplast; light independent reaction happens here
- 51. anaerobic sugar breakdown pathway that produces ATP, CO2, and ethanol
- 52. molecule that is produced by a reaction
Down
- 2. Energy from electrons is converted into ATP and an e- carrier
- 3. 1st stage of photosynthesis: Uses light energy, takes place in thylakoid membranes of chloroplast, produces ATP and O2
- 4. Add function, such as, transport, enzymeS, attachment, & communication.
- 6. Diffusion of water across a selectively permeable membrane
- 7. concentration of solutes greater outside the cell than inside the cell; water flows out
- 8. equal concentrations of solute and water; no osmosis
- 9. (water-fearing) region faces inward
- 10. enzyme slightly changes shape when substrates bind to it
- 11. Adenosine Triphosphate; keeps cells alive - is an energy carrier
- 13. (water-loving) region faces outward
- 20. Endocytosis & exocytosis -Requires energy; moves up the concentration gradient
- 21. Last electron acceptor
- 23. generate energy by breaking down larger molecules.
- 24. Environmental factors (pH, temperature, salt) influences enzymes
- 26. an agent that speeds up the rate of a chemical reaction without being consumed (used up) during the reaction
- 27. Only found in animal plasma membranes; strengthens the plasma membrane
- 29. protein catalysts in living cells.
- 31. a substance that absorbs light energy (visible light)
- 33. Located in leaves; made of thylakoid membranes, Interconnected folded stacks “like pancake stacks”, light dependent reaction happens here
- 37. makes ATP without oxygen: results in 2 ATP
- 38. Plasma membrane invaginates to form a vesicle that brings substances into the cell
- 39. all living organisms need energy. In order to use the energy stored in sugars, cells must convert it to ATP
- 40. The Electron Transport Chain- final step of aerobic cellular respiration, occurs in the mitochondria inner folds "cristae", uses ATP synthase to create more ATP resulting in 32-34 ATP
- 47. chemical reactions that take place in living organisms
- 48. Occurs in response to a difference in solute concentration between the fluids on either side of the membrane
- 50. plants use photosynthesis to capture sunlight, and herbivores eat the plants to obtain energy.