Across
- 2. land officially designated as an area where natural communities have not been seriously disturbed by humans and where human activities are limited by law
- 4. a method of preventing forest fire where a small, controlled surface fire is set to remove flammable objects in the area such as small trees and underbrush in high-risk areas
- 7. managed grasslands or fenced meadows usually planted with domesticated grasses or other forage crops such as alfalfa and clover
- 8. a stand of trees resulting from secondary ecological succession
- 9. areas especially rich in plant species that are found nowhere else and are in great danger of extinction
- 11. clear-cutting a strip of trees along the contour of the land within a corridor narrow enough to allow natural forest regeneration within a few years
- 12. the temporary or permanent removal of large expanses of forest for agriculture, settlements, or other uses
- 13. a type of forest fire where only the undergrowth and leaf litter on the forest floor is burnt
- 14. a science that focuses on inventing, establishing, and maintaining new habitats to conserve species diversity in places where people live, work, or play
- 16. turning a degraded ecosystem into a functional or useful ecosystem without trying to restore it to its original condition
- 19. deed restrictions that bar future owners from developing a piece of land
- 21. also called a tree farm or commercial forest; a managed forest containing only one or two species of trees that are all of the same age
- 22. an extremely hot fire that leaps from tree top to tree top, burning whole trees
Down
- 1. occurs when too many animals graze for too long, damaging the grasses and their roots in a certain area
- 3. also called a primary forest; an uncut or regenerated forest that has not been seriously disturbed by human activities or natural disasters for several hundred years or more
- 5. conservation biologists work with people to help them protect biodiversity in their local communities
- 6. intermediate-aged or mature trees in a forest are cut singly or in small groups
- 10. an area where poverty levels are high and where a large part of the economy depends on various ecosystem services that are being degraded severely enough to threaten the well-being of people and other forms of life
- 15. harvested wood that is primarily used to make lumber and paper
- 17. unfenced grasslands in temperate and tropical climates that supply forage for grazing and browsing animals
- 18. a rapidly growing woody annual plant that is used to make tree-free paper
- 19. when all the trees in an area are removed
- 20. returning a degraded habitat or ecosystem to a condition as similar as possible to its natural state