Across
- 5. trade - the exchange of goods and services between countries without restrictions or tariffs
- 8. - a term used during the Spanish colonial period to refer to native Filipinos
- 10. - educated and influential Filipinos during the Spanish colonial period who advocated for reforms and independence
- 11. - a form of Filipino debate poetry where two sides argue their points in verse
- 12. - a noble title among pre-colonial Filipino societies, often referring to a tribal chief or ruler
- 13. - the warrior class in pre-colonial Filipino society, known for their bravery and loyalty
- 14. - a Filipino tradition of community cooperation and helping one another
- 15. - a Spanish term referring to the leader or head of a group or organization
- 18. trade - the maritime trade route between Manila in the Philippines and Acapulco in Mexico during the Spanish colonial period
- 19. - a policy or ideology of extending a nation's power and influence through colonization or economic domination
Down
- 1. - the process of establishing control over a territory and its people by a foreign power
- 2. - Spaniards born in Spain, considered the highest social class in the Spanish colonial hierarchy
- 3. - a term coined in the Philippines referring to a weak or ineffective government system
- 4. - a communist guerrilla group in the Philippines during the mid-20th century
- 6. - a traditional blood compact ceremony among pre-colonial Filipino tribes as a symbol of friendship and alliance
- 7. - Spaniards born in the Philippines, considered higher in social status than the indios
- 9. - relating to or advocating for a system of government where power is vested in the people and exercised through elected representatives
- 11. - an ancient Filipino boat used for transportation and trade
- 16. - the act of setting someone free from oppression or bondage, often referring to the abolition of slavery
- 17. - a member of an irregular military force that engages in unconventional warfare tactics