Across
- 1. The ____ membrane separates the external and middle ear. It is attached to the malleus, and passes sound through the ossicles via vibration.
- 2. CN I, sense of smell, receptors in the epithelium of the nose.
- 9. The ____ lobe is found at the top/back of the cerebrum.
- 11. Term for taste.
- 13. CN IX, sense of taste in the posterior 1/3 of tongue, salivary glands, pharynx muscles (swallowing).
- 15. The ____ lobe of the cerebrum is found around where the ears would be.
- 17. Pain felt on the body's surface, even though it is coming from a deep organ in a different part of the body.
- 18. One of two structures tracking static equilibrium and linear acceleration.
- 19. Receptors for detecting and responding to light.
- 23. The tibialis posterior of the leg helps with ____ and inversion. It goes medially.
- 24. The ____ are found in the medial compartment of the thigh. They help with hip adduction.
- 28. Pupil constricts and the lens changes curvatures to focus on an object.
- 30. The medulla ____ connects with the spinal cord. It assists in controlling autonomic functions, and contains cardiac and respiratory monitoring centers. Official end point of the spinal cord in the brain.
- 32. ___ mater, the tough outer layer of the meninges.
- 34. The _____ prevent infections in the brain and spinal cord, and is made up of 3 layers. It is a serous membrane.
- 35. This muscle is found in the hamstrings, and is deep to the semitendinosus.
- 36. A reflex is a fast, ____, unplanned response to particular stimulus.
- 39. Amount of cervical spinal nerves.
- 41. The biceps ____ of the hamstrings sit laterally on the posterior thigh.
- 45. Third auditory ossicle.
- 46. There are two ____ areas of the occipital lobe. They are in charge of seeing object, interpreting them, and remembering them for the future.
- 47. CN IV, eye movement, supplies the superior oblique.
- 49. The ____ lobe is found at the back of the cerebrum, close to the base of the skull.
- 52. The 5 tastes are sweet, sour, salty, bitter, and ____ (savoury).
- 54. White matter is the myelinated ____ of a nerve.
- 55. Grey matter is ____ in the brain, while white matter is internal.
- 56. The transmission of reflexes is called the reflex ____.
- 58. The spinal cord's functions are electrochemical communication between the body and brain, and ____.
- 59. One of two structures tracking static equilibrium and linear acceleration.
- 60. Nociceptors that are deeper in the body's organs. Dull, aching pain.
- 63. Amount of thoracic spinal nerves.
- 65. Receptors for detecting and responding to certain chemicals.
- 67. The ____ nervous system is the site of most integration.
- 69. Part of the external ear, also called the pinna. Elastic cartilage directing sound into the ear canal.
- 70. The tibialis anterior muscle of the leg helps with dorsiflexion and ____. It goes medially.
- 71. This calf muscle is deep to the gastrocnemius, and helps with plantarflexion.
- 73. There are ____ motor areas in the frontal lobe, producing and coordinating voluntary body movements.
- 75. Bending of light rays to focus precisely on the retina.
- 79. The semicircular ducts track ____ acceleration and dynamic equilibrium.
- 80. The exocrine glands in the ear canal produce ____ to trap dust, keeping things from reaching the middle ear.
- 84. Second auditory ossicle.
- 86. Term for smell.
- 87. ____ area of the frontal lobe allows for language and speaking, formulating meaningful words.
- 88. CN X, crucial nerve for the sympathetic nervous system, sensory for the larynx, pharynx, ear canal, thoracic and abdominal organs. Smooth muscles for swallowing and digestion, decreasing heart rate and constricting airways.
- 90. There are five ____ spinal nerves.
- 91. Amount of coccygeal spinal nerves.
- 92. The ____ duct inside the membranous labyrinth houses the organs of corti.
- 94. Receptors for detecting harmful stimuli and converting them into pain sensations.
- 95. The ____ area of the temporal lobe is for memory and emotion.
- 97. A nerve ____ is where spinal nerves unite to make larger nerves to supply specific regions of the body, especially the muscles in the limbs.
- 99. ____ mater, the thin middle layer of the meninges. It contains cells that make cerebrospinal fluid.
- 100. The order of transmission through a neuron is: dendrite, cell body, axon, ____ end, neuromuscular junction.
- 101. The type, ____, and intensity of a stimulus trigger a response.
- 102. Cerebrospinal fluid exists in the skull to cushion the brain from bone, reducing the risk of ____.
- 103. CN V, sensations from the face and scalp, supplies muscles in mastication (chewing). Three divisions; ophthalmic, maxillary, mandibular.
Down
- 1. Dense connective tissue in the eyelids, houses glands for tear production.
- 3. Amount of lumbar spinal nerves.
- 4. Nociceptors that are more superficial, found in the skin and mucous membranes. Sharp, localized pain.
- 5. CN XII, supplies tongue muscles.
- 6. The lacrimal ____ is the production and drainage of lacrimal fluid.
- 7. Receptors for touch, pressure, vibration, and stretching.
- 8. The _____ coordinates and monitors muscle movements, sends messages for balance and posture, and stores muscle memory.
- 10. CN XI, supplies sternocleidomastoid and trapezius muscles.
- 12. Lining up of the visual axis of each eye toward an object.
- 14. The ____ labyrinth is internal to the bony labyrinth, and houses the functioning structures.
- 16. Motor neurons are an ____ nerve pathway. They bring messages away from the CNS.
- 20. Part of the diencephalon, controls the autonomic nervous system. Works towards homeostasis. Also controls metabolic processes, hormone secretions by the pituitary gland, and plays a role in emotional responses.
- 21. Receptors for detecting temperature changes.
- 22. There are two ____ areas of the temporal lobe. They hear sounds, interpret them, and remember them for the future.
- 25. The blood-brain ____ are very tightly packed arteries that are very selective on what is allowed to diffuse into the brain. A fetus has very similar properties.
- 26. The cauda ____ is found at the sacrum. It is a spinal nerve bundle where the spinal cord has ended but the nerves continue.
- 27. These neurons connect messages between input and output neurons.
- 29. The organs of ____ convert vibration into nerve impulses.
- 31. CN VIII, balance and hearing.
- 33. Grey matter is ____ in the spinal cord, while white matter is external.
- 37. ____ mater, the thin inner layer of the meninges.
- 38. The frontal eye-____ controls eye movements left and right.
- 40. The semitendinosus muscle of the hamstrings sits ____ on the posterior thigh.
- 42. The orbital ____ is where the orbicularis oculi attaches and anchors.
- 43. Sensory nerves enter ____ in the spinal cord.
- 44. Grey matter is the cell ____ of a nerve.
- 48. CN II, vision, receptors in retina.
- 50. Sensory neurons are an ____ nerve pathway. They bring messages to the CNS.
- 51. Areas of skin attached to specific sensory nerves from the spinal cord.
- 53. There is a higher concentration of receptors in the tongue, lips, face, palms of the hands, and soles of the feet. This makes them more ____.
- 56. Motor nerves leave the spinal cord ____.
- 57. Ocular muscles inside the eye controlling lens shape and pupil size.
- 61. Part of the diencephalon, major relay station for motor and sensory inputs especially. It processes sensory input and decides what to send to the cerebrum.
- 62. The ____ nervous system has 12 cranial nerves.
- 64. ____ area, found in the parietal lobe, allows for comprehension of written and spoken language.
- 66. Part of the brainstem, coordinates visual and auditory reflexes.
- 68. The longus and brevis ____ muscles of the lateral compartment of the leg help with eversion of the foot at the ankle.
- 72. The sections between myelin sheath sections on an axon are called the ____ of Ranvier.
- 74. CN III, eye movements, supplies most extraocular muscles and the pupillary muscles for constriction.
- 76. Tube draining into the throat and equalizing air pressure in the middle ear.
- 77. The roles of the nervous system are sensing, ____, and responding.
- 78. External ____ meatus (ear canal).
- 79. CN VI, eye movement, supplies the lateral rectus.
- 81. Ocular muscles external to the eye responsible for eye movements.
- 82. This muscle has visible heads through the skin of the calf, and helps with plantarflexion. The achilles tendon attaches to it.
- 83. The pre-frontal ____, found in the frontal lobe, is in charge of cognition, memory, emotion, social judgement, decision making, reasoning, aggression, and certain personality aspects.
- 85. The ___ is the largest part of the brain.
- 89. The ____ are found in the posterior compartment of the thigh. They help with knee flexion.
- 93. There are two ____ areas of the parietal lobe which receive, integrate, and interpret sensory stimuli.
- 96. The ____ labyrinth is for protection and consists of the vestibule, the semicircular canals, and the cochlea.
- 97. Part of the brainstem, connects with the cerebellum.
- 98. CN VII, sense of taste in the anterior 2/3s of tongue, muscles of facial expression, salivary glands, and lacrimal glands.