Human Anatomy Midterm Review

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Across

1. Condition of having a kidney stone in the ureter.
4. Loose connective tissue present in the hypodermis.
8. The ____ process of the ulna forms the point of the elbow.
9. The jugular notch of the sternum.
10. Anterior movement of the scapula.
12. Medical terminology for the surgical crushing of stones.
16. The ____ muscle helps with hip and knee flexion. It separates the anterior and medial compartments, crossing the hip and the knee diagonally down to the tibia.
20. Ribs 11 and 12, have no costal cartilage. They protect the kidneys and anchor to muscles completing the abdomen.
21. The ____ process forms the tip of the shoulder (where the clavicle and scapula articulate).
23. Angiotensin 2 makes the blood vessels ____, raising blood pressure as a quick fix.
24. ____ joints are immobile, bones held together by dense connective tissues. (ex. orbital socket).
26. Actin and myosin overlapping gives muscles the ____ banding appearance.
27. The renal ____ is the inner section of the kidney, where urine is made.
29. Make melanin.
30. The strongest of loose connective tissue.
33. The scapula has a ____ posterior surface.
34. Muscles contract when ____ (ACh) is introduced, causing the myosin to pull the actin inward, shortening the sarcomere.
36. Lateral flexion decreases the joint angle laterally and is only possible for structures directly on the ____. (ex the head, the trunk).
38. The brachialis and biceps ____ muscles sit anteriorly on the arm, and help with elbow flexion.
39. Movement of the thumb away from the other fingertips.
40. ____ junction, where nerves anchor to muscle fibers.
45. Angiotensin-____ enzyme (ACE) from the lungs mixes with angiotensin 1 to form angiotensin 2.
48. The hair ____ is the active part of hair.
49. The ____ brachii muscle sits posteriorly on the arm, and helps with elbow extension.
51. The renal ____ is the section of the kidney that leads into the connecting area.
52. Superior movement of the scapula.
54. Bones have a(n) ____ extracellular matrix.
56. Thin fibers in the sarcomere, more helix-shaped, anchors to the Z-disc.
57. The clavicle anchors to the scapula at the ____ end, articulating the acromion of the scapula.
58. Decrease joint angle.
61. Most inferior of the vertebral column in the pelvic girdle.
65. Tissue with no blood flow.
69. Renin and angiotensinogen ____, making angiotensin 1.
70. Where urine drains from the renal pelvis into the bladder.
72. The male pelvis has a(n) ____-shaped pelvic inlet, with a narrower outlet.
74. Muscles contract towards the ____, which is usually proximal to the trunk and offers more stable/stationary attachment.
75. The ____ muscle assists the prime mover to strengthen the action.
77. The scapula has a smooth ____ surface to easily glide across the ribs.
78. Kidneys release ____ enzyme when blood pressure drops.
81. Cartilage is ____ because of its semi-solid extracellular matrix.
83. The ____ muscle opposes the primary mover by lengthening to help control.
84. The urinary bladder is ____ shaped when empty.
86. The liver makes ____ when blood pressure drops.
90. Increase joint angle.
91. Movement of a limb around its own axis.
94. Red bone marrow makes ____ cells.
96. The kidneys are found against the ____ abdominal wall.
97. The shoulder and pectoral ____ anchor the upper limbs to the axial skeleton, allowing a wide range of motion of the arm.
98. Least mobile synovial joint classification. Allows a sliding/gliding movement.
100. Type of bone found at the ends of long bones. Porous and lightweight.
102. The ____ femoris is made up of the rectus femoris, the vastus medialis, the vastus intermedius, and the vastus lateralis. These muscles help with knee extension.
107. This system excretes metabolic wastes, maintains acid and base balances, maintains blood pressure levels and minerals.
108. Watery secretion from sweat glands all over the body to aid in thermoregulation and waste excretion. Comes from the pores.
109. Basement layer of epithelial tissue, attaches to other tissue.
111. Movement of the thumb towards the other fingertips.
113. Joints are ____ by ligaments and joint capsules.
115. Turning of the plantar surface of the foot away from the midline. Happens in the intertarsal joints.
122. The muscles of the ____ cuff are: supraspinatus, infraspinatus, teres minor, and subscapularis.
123. The ____ process is the anterior point of the scapula where muscles attach.
125. The renal ____ is the outer section of the kidney.
126. Protects and assists neurons.
128. The ____ of the forearm sit in the posterior compartment, and help with forearm supination.
129. Digiti ____ refers to the little finger.
130. The renal ____ is where the major calyx meet.
131. Damaged cells are replaces with scar tissue.
132. ____ triphosphate is the energy source of muscle contractions.
133. Ball of arteries with thin walls to filter blood plasma out.

Down

2. Bone in the lower limb that helps form the knee joint and is weight bearing.
3. This type of muscle is the only kind that isn't striated (striped).
5. Nerve signals always travel from ____ to axon to cell body.
6. Slightly viscous sweat excreted from specific regions of the body indicating a nervous and hormonal response. Odorous.
7. Skeleton containing the bones of the upper limbs, lower limbs, and girdles.
11. The ____ calyces act as the holding area in the kidney.
13. Ball-and-____, the most mobile type of synovial joint. Allows all types of movement, with a higher risk of dislocation.
14. Sarc/o.
15. The functional unit of muscles. A group of myosin and actin working together. Muscle moves as a chain between many of these.
17. One role of the integumentary system is vitamin D ____ when the skin has direct sun exposure.
18. Muscle that lifts the eyebrows. Attaches to the frontal and occipital bones.
19. Synovial joint classification allowing only flexion and extension.
22. When numbering the metacarpals and phalanges of the hand, start counting on the ____ side.
23. Synovial joint classification allowing all movement types EXCEPT FOR rotation. Also known as an ellipsoid joint.
24. Dense connective tissue with more random organization of fibers than ligaments and tendons.
25. The ____ of the urinary bladder is the posteroinferior surface, where the ureters enter.
28. Medial forearm bone (connects to the pinkie).
29. The ____ calyces acts as a corridor to the holding area.
31. The female pelvis has a(n) ____ pelvic inlet and a wider outlet.
32. Cells making up majority of the outer layer of the epidermis, move up as they die and are shed.
35. The smooth internal area of the base of the urinary bladder, between uretral and urethral openings, leads urine into urethra at the neck.
37. ADH is an anti-____ hormone release by the pituitary gland to regulate water recovery.
41. The urinary bladder expands ____ when full.
42. Damaged cells are replaced with cells of the same type.
43. Term for the thumb.
44. Synovial joint classification allowing flexion, extension, abduction, adduction and circumduction without sliding.
46. The ____ fossa is the lateral point in the scapula that is hollow and indented to make room for the head of the humerus.
47. Filtration units of the kidneys.
50. Muscle for neck flexion (bilateral contraction) and head rotation (unilateral contraction). Attaches sternum, clavicle, and temporal bone on mastoid process.
53. Bending at the ankle towards the sole of the foot.
55. Turning of the plantar surface of the foot toward the midline. Happens in the intertarsal joints.
56. To fix low BP long-term, the kidneys release ____ to retain sodium and properly increase blood pressure.
59. Protects from UV radiation by absorbing it.
60. Arthr/o.
62. Where the pelvis articulates with the femur at the hip joint.
63. More distal and mobile attachment point for muscles.
64. Bending at the ankle towards the dorsum (top) of the foot.
66. Skeleton containing the bones of the head and spinal column.
67. Flat bone plat protecting the heart, where the ribs touch.
68. ____ joints are slightly mobile, bones held together by fibrocartilage. (ex. intervertebral joints).
71. The ___ process is the tail at the bottom of the sternum. It is made of cartilage until 35.
73. The strongest cartilage, sits between vertebrae of the spine as shock absorption.
76. ____ glands are always attached to hair follicles in the skin.
79. Circular movement of a distal part of a limb around a fixed proximal part. Combined movement of flexion, extension, abduction, adduction, medial and lateral rotation.
80. The ____ of the forearm sit in the anterior compartment, and help with forearm pronation.
82. Actin with no myosin overlapping gives muscles ____ banding appearance.
84. Synovial joint classification allowing rotation.
85. Outer layer of epithelial tissue, touches open space or open vacities.
87. Yellow bone marrow contains adipose tissue, acting as energy ____.
88. Thickest layer of skin, dense connective tissue.
89. Loop of ____ in the kidney is made up of a descending and ascending loop.
92. The os ____ is made up of 3 fused bones: ilium (top flattish part), ischium (bottom back part), and pubis (front lower part making an "o" opening w/ ischium).
93. When numbering the metatarsals and phalanges of the foot, start counting on the ____ side.
95. Inferior movement of the scapula.
99. The ____ muscle is the primary mover, shortening to pull.
101. Medial rotation of the forearm and hand, palm posterior in anatomical position.
103. Lateral rotation of the forearm and hand, palm anterior in anatomical position.
104. Ribs 1-7, have their own costals, connect directly to the sternum.
105. Posterior movement of the scapula.
106. The renin-____-aldosterone system helps maintain blood pressure in the urinary system.
110. These react to ADH, aiding water reabsorption in the urinary system.
112. Excessive inward curve of the lumbar spine (often seen in the last trimester of pregnancy).
114. Excessive outward curve of the thoracic spine (usually seen in the elderly).
116. The ____ muscle stabilizes one joint to allow the movement of another.
117. Bone in the lower limb that is for muscle attachments and stabilization. Non weight bearing.
118. Sideways curvature of the spine left or right.
119. Thick fibers in the sarcomere, organized more like straight lines, anchoring to the midline.
120. ____ joints are very mobile, bones held together by joint capsules (filled w/ synovial fluid) and ligaments.
121. Cartilage covering bone surfaces, in joints.
124. Lateral forearm bone (connects to the thumb).
127. Ribs 8-10, make a costal margin to connect to the sternum.