Across
- 5. Phagocytes follow chemical attractants to an area of infection in a process known as _____.
- 7. After death, this molecule is depleted, which prevents actin-myosin cross-bridges from breaking, causing rigor mortis.
- 8. Excessive accumulation of tissue fluid usually as a result of high blood pressure, plasma protein leakage, or blockage of veins.
- 11. Volume of blood each ventricle pumps (HRxSV). (2 words)
- 12. Type of immunity that identifies antigens with antibodies to target invaders for degradation.
- 13. This is the ultimate goal of complete tetanus. (2 words)
- 14. Lipopolysaccharides and peptidoglycan are examples of these that the body’s innate immunity searches for to distinguish self from foreign invaders. (Acronym)
- 17. These provide the greatest vascular resistance because of their ability to vasoconstrict and vasodilate.
- 18. If some sneezed on your arm, this would be your first line of defense against the microbes present in that snot as a form of innate immunity.
- 19. The long absolute refractory period in the heart is important because it prevents ____, which allows the heart to pump rhythmically.
- 21. Contraction force is generated by these structures.
- 24. An issue with this stem cell type would cause an issue in the formation of all formed elements in the blood.
- 25. A sprinter would have a lot of ____ muscle fibers.
- 27. One way lymphatic capillaries differ from blood vessels is that they have ____ ends.
- 28. Interferons are an example of a _____ because they are produced by virus infected cells and help fight those infections
- 29. The organs of the lymphatic system that act as mini filters to remove microbes and foreign substances from lymph. (2 words)
- 30. Antibiotics may hinder blood clotting because they can kill the bacteria that help make this substance that is important for clotting factor formation.
- 31. In skeletal muscles, the action potential moves down the T-tubules, causing the opening of DHP receptors, which causes these receptors to open, releasing calcium into the sarcoplasm.
- 32. Type of hormone that is secreted to increase blood volume and decrease blood osmolality via increasing thirst and encouraging water retention in the kidneys. (2 words)
- 33. Smooth muscle contractions are graded, with the amount of strength determined by the amount of _____ myosin light chains.
Down
- 1. The ______ reflex counteracts blood pressure changes. An increase in blood pressure increases action potentials sent to the medulla which triggers vasodilation and a decrease in heart rate.
- 2. Responsible for the redness and warmth that is characteristic of inflammation and causes vasodilation for the purpose of eliminating invaders.
- 3. These type of nerves only promote vasodilation in arterioles and are always cholinergic.
- 4. The ability to change the heart rate, usually by medicine.
- 6. If you got a cut that was invaded by pathogens, these would most likely be the first on the scene and also are the most abundant form of phagocytes.
- 9. This type of motor neuron helps maintain muscle spindle tension, which keeps muscle length information continuously available, so adjustments can be made.
- 10. Type of pressure that is caused by the push of a fluid.
- 15. The cyclic process in capillaries that controls blood flow to meet the needs of each tissue.
- 16. This structure of the heart allows the atria and ventricles to contract at different times by electrically separating them. (2 words)
- 20. These are the “organs” of the immune system since it is a functional system rather than a structural one. (2 words)
- 21. The _______ of the blood vessels cause the resistance to blood flow observed throughout the vasculature.
- 22. A temporary ____ ____ forms during clotting which becomes a more stable blood clot that includes the protein fibrin.
- 23. The characteristic of veins that make them able to hold more blood but at the expense of lower pressure than arteries.
- 24. In the autorhythmic cells of the heart, _______ causes HCN channels to open, which stimulates the next action potential in the pacemaker cells.
- 26. This hormone would be released when levels of iron in the body are high.