Across
- 3. – Changes between solid, liquid, and gas (melting, freezing, evaporation, condensation).
- 5. – Large circulation patterns of warm rising air near the equator and cooler sinking air around 30° latitude.
- 6. – When liquid water changes into water vapor (gas), usually due to heat from the Sun.
- 7. – Heat transfer through movement of fluids (liquids or gases).
- 9. – The total energy of moving particles in a substance (heat energy).
- 11. – The usual sequence of weather conditions in an area over time.
- 17. – Large-scale wind systems that move air around the planet.
- 18. – Movement of thermal energy from warmer areas to cooler areas.
- 19. – All the water on Earth (oceans, lakes, rivers, groundwater, glaciers, and water vapor).
- 20. – Large circular ocean current systems formed by global winds and the Coriolis effect.
- 21. – The ability of a substance to hold onto heat energy.
- 24. – The layer of gases surrounding Earth.
- 26. – The amount of heat energy required to raise the temperature of a substance by 1°C. Water has a high specific heat.
- 27. – The lowest layer of the atmosphere where weather occurs.
- 28. – When a substance takes in heat energy.
- 29. – Heat transfer through electromagnetic waves (like energy from the Sun).
- 31. – Long-term effects on Earth’s climate due to changes in temperature, greenhouse gases, or ocean circulation.
- 32. – The process where certain gases trap heat in Earth’s atmosphere, keeping the planet warm.
- 33. – Large bodies of air with similar temperature and humidity.
- 34. – Heat transfer through direct contact.
- 35. – When cold, nutrient-rich water rises from deep in the ocean to the surface.
Down
- 1. – The global ocean circulation driven by temperature (thermo) and salinity (haline) differences. Also called the “global conveyor belt.”
- 2. Current – Movement of water caused by differences in density (often from temperature or salinity differences).
- 4. – Gases like carbon dioxide, methane, and water vapor that trap heat.
- 8. – The attraction between water molecules. (Example: water droplets forming.)
- 10. – When water vapor cools and changes back into liquid water (cloud formation).
- 12. – The amount of salt dissolved in water.
- 13. – A fast-moving band of air high in the atmosphere that influences weather systems.
- 14. warm ocean current in the Atlantic Ocean
- 15. – The measure of how much sunlight a surface reflects. Light surfaces (like ice) have high albedo; dark surfaces (like ocean water) have low albedo.
- 16. – The “tight skin” on the surface of water caused by cohesion.
- 22. – Release of greenhouse gases into the atmosphere, often from burning fossil fuels.
- 23. – The amount of energy needed to raise the temperature of a substance.
- 25. – The bending of moving air or water due to Earth’s rotation.
- 30. – The attraction between water molecules and other substances. (Example: water sticking to a glass or plant stem.)