Across
- 1. Strategy designed to force change without physical violence
- 6. Law that attacked segregation in public and private spaces
- 8. President who enforced desegregation despite personal hesitation
- 14. Demonstration designed to influence civil rights legislation
- 15. Figure whose ideas shifted from separatism toward a global struggle for Black liberation
- 17. Political faction formed to resist federal civil rights reforms
- 18. Case that established the constitutional basis for segregation
- 19. Legislation that placed Southern elections under federal oversight
- 21. Law passed in response to continued housing discrimination
- 22. Protest demonstrating the power of sustained economic pressure
- 24. Campaign exposing the gap between federal law and local practice
- 26. Movement strategy centered on local leadership
- 29. President who turned civil rights demands into sweeping federal laws
- 30. Ideology prioritizing racial autonomy over integration
- 33. Organization combining armed self-defense with community programs
- 35. Leader whose civil rights stance evolved in response to public outrage
- 36. Group that coordinated nonviolent campaigns across the South
- 37. Group that used terror to maintain white supremacy
- 38. Inequality enforced directly through law
- 40. Chief Justice whose court expanded civil rights protections
- 42. Protests whose repression accelerated voting rights reform
- 43. Concept expressing racial pride and self-determination
- 44. Movement rejecting integration in favor of racial and religious separatism
- 45. Labor leader who used the threat of mass protest to pressure presidents
Down
- 2. Individual act of resistance that triggered a year-long mass protest
- 3. Deliberate lawbreaking used to expose injustice
- 4. Policy aimed at addressing long-term structural inequality
- 5. Urban uprising highlighting limits of legal civil rights victories
- 7. Constitutional change that removed an economic barrier to voting
- 9. Event that deepened divisions within the civil rights movement
- 10. Legal strategist who dismantled segregation through the courts
- 11. Confrontation that shifted national opinion through media exposure
- 12. Event that tested the federal government’s authority over the states
- 13. Organization that pursued equality primarily through legal challenges
- 16. Supreme Court ruling that expanded civil rights beyond segregation
- 20. Student protest that spread rapidly and energized youth activism
- 23. Leader whose strategy aimed to expose injustice through moral confrontation rather than violence
- 25. Supreme Court decision that overturned legalized school segregation
- 27. Student organization that shifted from integration to militancy
- 28. Civil rights group that used direct action to challenge segregation
- 31. Effort revealing violent resistance to Black voter registration
- 32. Separation maintained through social and economic conditions
- 34. Leader whose rhetoric signaled a more militant phase of the movement
- 39. Activist who tested whether federal desegregation rulings would be enforced
- 41. Organizer who believed effective movements grow from the grassroots