IB Physics

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Across
  1. 2. Having had the proportion of the isotope U-235 it contains increased in order to make it suitable for use in a nuclear reactor or weapon.
  2. 5. Solar water heating systems use panels or tubes, called solar collectors, to gather solar energy. The solar collectors convert the infra-red portion of visible light into heat. They are filled with a mix of water and glycol. This fluid is pumped round a circuit, which passes through the hot water cylinder.
  3. 6. A moderator is a material that slows the speed of neutrons. It is also known as a neutron moderator. Using a moderator changes fast neutrons into thermal neutrons. Thermal neutrons increase the likelihood of interaction with another nucleus to initiate fission.
  4. 9. A sankey diagram is a visualization used to depict a flow from one set of values to another. The things being connected are called nodes and the connections are called links.
  5. 11. Put simply, a heat exchanger is a device which transfers heat from one medium to another.
  6. 12. Thermal neutrons are a class of Neutron which are said to be in 'thermodynamic equilibrium' which means they are moving with the same kinetic energy as their surroundings.
  7. 16. A rod, plate, or tube containing a material such as hafnium, boron, etc., used to control the power of a nuclear reactor. By absorbing neutrons, a control rod prevents the neutrons from causing further fissions.
  8. 17. Degraded energy is thermal energy that is released into the surrounding environment after any process. Once released into the surroundings, this heat energy is completely useless for energy production and is considered 'dead' or 'degraded energy'.
  9. 18. Nonrenewable energy comes from sources that will run out or will not be replenished in our lifetimes—or even in many, many lifetimes.
  10. 19. Energy in the form that it is first accounted for in a statistical energy balance, before any transformation to secondary or tertiary forms of energy.
  11. 20. The electricity that we use is a secondary energy source because it is produced by converting primary sources of energy such as coal, natural gas, nuclear energy, solar energy, and wind energy into electrical power.
Down
  1. 1. Pumped storage hydropower (PSH) is a type of hydroelectric energy storage. It is a configuration of two water reservoirs at different elevations that can generate power as water moves down from one to the other (discharge), passing through a turbine.
  2. 3. Thermal conduction is the diffusion of thermal energy (heat) within one material or between materials in contact. The higher temperature object has molecules with more kinetic energy; collisions between molecules distributions this kinetic energy until an object has the same thermal energy throughout.
  3. 4. Specific energy or massic energy is energy per unit mass. It is also sometimes called gravimetric energy density, which is not to be confused with energy density, which is defined as energy per unit volume.
  4. 7. The minimum amount of electric power delivered or required over a given period of time at a steady rate. Base load capacity: The generating equipment normally operated to serve loads on an around-the-clock basis.
  5. 8. A thermal power station is a type of power station in which heat energy is converted to electrical energy.
  6. 10. Renewable energy is energy from renewable resources that are naturally replenished on a human timescale.
  7. 13. In physics, energy density is the amount of energy stored in a given system or region of space per unit volume.
  8. 14. A photovoltaic (PV) cell, commonly called a solar cell, is a nonmechanical device that converts sunlight directly into electricity. Some PV cells can convert artificial light into electricity. Sunlight is composed of photons, or particles of solar energy.
  9. 15. Fossil fuels are made from decomposing plants and animals. These fuels are found in Earth's crust and contain carbon and hydrogen, which can be burned for energy.