Across
- 2. The average mass of the isotopes of an element compared to 1/12th of the mass of an atom of ¹²C.
- 4. A reaction where only one product is formed.
- 5. The water molecules present in hydrated crystals.
- 7. A solution containing the maximum concentration of a solute dissolved in the solvent at a specified temperature.
- 10. Different atoms of the same element that have the same number of protons but different numbers of neutrons.
- 11. A substance containing no water.
- 14. Coal, natural gas and petroleum.
- 15. A strong electrostatic attraction between nuclei of two bonding atoms and shared pair of electrons.
- 17. An acid that is completely dissociated in aqueous solution.
- 20. A liquid or solution that has passed through a filter.
- 22. The negative electrode where reduction takes place.
- 25. The net movement of particles from a region of their higher concentration to a region of their lower concentration (down a concentration gradient), as a result of their random movement.
- 31. A substance that reduces another substance and is itself oxidised.
- 33. Reactions involving simultaneous oxidation and reduction.
- 34. Gain of oxygen or loss of electrons/an increase in oxidation number.
- 37. A large molecule built up from many smaller molecules called monomers.
- 39. Loss of oxygen or gain of electrons/a decrease in oxidation number.
- 40. The number and type of different atoms in one molecule.
- 41. Metals that have high densities, high melting points, form coloured compounds, and often act as catalysts.
- 44. Has molecules in which one or more carbon-carbon bonds are not single bonds (e.g., C=C double bonds).
- 45. The total number of protons and neutrons in the nucleus of an atom.
- 48. The reaction between carbon dioxide and water to produce glucose and oxygen in the presence of chlorophyll and using energy from light.
- 49. A family of similar compounds with similar chemical properties due to the presence of the same functional group.
- 50. A substance that is chemically combined with water.
Down
- 1. An acid that is partially dissociated in aqueous solution.
- 3. The decomposition of an ionic compound, when molten or in aqueous solution, by the passage of an electric current.
- 6. A substance that dissolves a solute.
- 8. The minimum energy that colliding particles must have to react.
- 9. A substance that oxidises another substance and is itself reduced.
- 12. Compounds with the same molecular formula, but different structural formulae.
- 13. A substance that remains after evaporation, distillation, filtration or any similar process.
- 16. Has molecules in which all carbon-carbon bonds are single bonds.
- 18. A mixture of a metal with other elements.
- 19. The sum of the relative atomic masses. (Relative formula mass will be used for ionic compounds).
- 21. Compounds that contain hydrogen and carbon only.
- 23. The number of protons in the nucleus of an atom.
- 24. The transfer of thermal energy during a reaction. ΔH is negative for exothermic reactions and positive for endothermic reactions.
- 26. The electrostatic attraction between the positive metal ions in a giant metallic lattice and a 'sea' of delocalised electrons.
- 27. The positive electrode where oxidation takes place.
- 28. A substance that conducts electricity when it is in a molten (liquid) state or dissolved in water (aqueous solution) that undergoes electrolysis.
- 29. A strong electrostatic attraction between oppositely charged ions.
- 30. A reaction where one atom or group of atoms is replaced by another atom or group of atoms.
- 32. A substance that is dissolved in a solvent.
- 35. Oxides that react with acids and with bases to produce a salt and water.
- 36. The simplest whole number ratio of the different atoms or ions in a compound.
- 38. An atom or group of atoms that determine the chemical properties of a homologous series.
- 42. A mixture of one or more solutes dissolved in a solvent.
- 43. Proton acceptors.
- 46. Proton donors.
- 47. The unit of amount of substance; one mole contains 6.02 × 10²³ particles (e.g., atoms, ions, molecules); this number is the Avogadro constant.