Iliad Books 1-3

3. Atypical hero criticised for lacking courage and relying on appearance.
4. A powerful motivator preventing heroes from acting dishonourably.
6. Wife of Hector, representing family devotion and the cost of war.
11. Central value that drives conflict between Achilles and Agamemnon.
12. The reward sought through heroic action, closely linked to kleos.
14. Messenger goddess who disguises herself to influence human actions.
15. Sacred social code (xenia) that Paris violates, angering the gods.
18. Goddess who intervenes to restrain Achilles’ anger in Book 1.
20. Primary domestic task of women, shown when Helen is found at the loom.
21. Goddess who intervenes to protect Paris and influences Helen’s emotions.
22. King of the gods, associated with fate and ultimate authority over events.

1. Greek concept of honour or worth, often tied to status and recognition in society.
2. The predetermined destiny guiding the lives and deaths of mortals.
3. Communication with the gods, often accompanying sacrifice rituals.
4. Ritual act performed to appease the gods before major events.
5. The everlasting fame a hero seeks to achieve through great deeds in battle.
7. Formal combat (e.g., Paris vs Menelaus) preceded by oaths to the gods.
8. Divine inspiration invoked at the beginning of the epic narrative.
9. God who sends a devastating plague upon the Greek army.
10. Essential quality of a Homeric hero, especially embodied by Hector.
13. The pouring of wine or liquid as an offering to the gods.
16. Divine punishment inflicted by Apollo due to disrespect of his priest.
17. Ideal Homeric hero who balances bravery with family loyalty.
19. A descriptive phrase such as “swift-footed” used repeatedly for heroes.