Immigration & new problems

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Across
  1. 6. a journalist who wrote about social, environmental, and political problems Americans faced in the early 1900s
  2. 7. a political machine in New York City
  3. 9. an immigrant who signed a contract in Europe to work for an American employer, often to replace a striking worker
  4. 12. nonmilitary government employees
  5. 13. the growth of cities
  6. 15. an 1883 federal law that limited patronage by creating a civil service commission to administer exams for certain nonmilitary government jobs
  7. 18. an organization consisting of full-time politicians whose main goal was to retain political power and the money and influence that went with it
  8. 20. the open area below a steamship's main deck, where most immigrants lived during the Atlantic crossing
  9. 21. the port of entry for most Asian immigrants arriving in San Francisco between 1910 and 1940
  10. 23. the policy of favoring the interests of native-born Americans over those of immigrants
  11. 24. Upton Sinclair's 1906 novel about unsanitary conditions in meatpacking plants
  12. 25. a forced return of immigrants to their home country
Down
  1. 1. the port of entry for most European immigrants arriving in New York between 1892 and 1954
  2. 2. an attraction that draws immigrants to another place
  3. 3. the practice of politicians giving jobs to friends and supporters
  4. 4. the assimilation of immigrants into American society, a goal of some patriotic groups who feared that increased immigration threatened American society and values
  5. 5. businesses that take mineral resources from the earth
  6. 8. an 1882 law prohibiting immigration of Chinese laborers for 10 years and preventing Chinese already in the country from becoming citizens; the first U.S. immigration restriction based solely on nationality or race
  7. 10. suitable for growing crops
  8. 11. a reform movement calling for moderation in drinking alcohol
  9. 14. powerful leaders who ran local politics in many cities, providing jobs and social services to immigrants in exchange for political support
  10. 16. a problem that causes people to immigrate to another place
  11. 17. organized anti-Jewish attacks that forced many Jews to leave Russia
  12. 19. a community center that provided a variety of services to the poor, especially to immigrants
  13. 22. letters from immigrants in the United States to friends and relatives in the old country, which spurred further immigration