Across
- 6. are an antibody, which is produced by a single clone of cells or cell line of identical antibody molecules.
- 8. a type of immune cell, which increases the immune responses.
- 9. A fast acting, generic immune response. It recognises certain characteristics that are common across a variety of related microbes.
- 10. the clumping of particles and cells in the blood stream, when the antibodies on one red blood cell binds to an antigen on another blood cell, which forms clumping in the blood vessels.
- 13. Stay in the body and allow for a quicker response if the same pathogen invades again.
- 14. blood proteins produced to defend the body.
- 16. a substance that causes the immune system to produce antibodies to fight against it.
- 17. Small part of an antigen that interacts with an antibody. Any given antigen may have several epitopes each recognised by a different antibody.
Down
- 1. a protein, which is deposited in the liver, kidneys, spleen, or other tissues in certain diseases.
- 2. Number of antigen binding sites.
- 3. this breaks down the peptidoglycan of the cell wall of Gram-positive bacteria.
- 4. the cells are directly involved in attacking the pathogen. It is a response that does not involve antibodies.
- 5. this is a large family of RNA molecules, which convert genetic information from DNA to ribosomes, where they are specified into amino acid sequence of the protein products of gene expression.
- 7. an immunity, which occurs after having no protection from an antigen from a pathogen or a vaccination.
- 8. a protein, which is deposited in the liver, kidneys, spleen, or other tissues in certain diseases.
- 11. A type of white blood cell that produces and secretes antibodies.
- 12. this is an experimental technique that uses genes, so to treat or prevent diseases.
- 15. a single cell organism that invades the body.