Across
- 5. type of white blood cell that ingests invading microbes
- 6. killer cells,A type of white blood cell that can kill tumor cells and virus-infected cells
- 10. that are made at the site of an infection
- 13. substances that trigger the attack of antibodies in the immune response.
- 15. determinants (epitopes),Parts of the antigens that the immune system recognizes
- 16. in the respiratory system that traps pathogens and prevents them from entering the body
- 17. compound that is released by cells in response to injury and in allergic and inflammatory reactions, causing contraction of smooth muscle and dilation of capillaries.
- 19. type of white blood cell that make antibodies to fight off infections
- 21. Cells,Cells that release chemicals (such as histamine) that promote inflammation.
- 23. associated molecular patterns (PAMPs),Molecules associated with groups of pathogens that are recognized by cells of the innate immune system
- 24. memory,The capacity of the immune system to make quicker and stronger adaptive immune responses the next encounter with an antigen
- 28. deletion,Removal of b-cells and t-cells through apoptosis
- 29. selection,The process by which an antigen selectively binds to and activates only those lymphocytes bearing receptors specific for the antigen causes an immune response
- 30. region,Antigen binding site
- 32. immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS),A disorder in which the immune system is gradually weakened and eventually disabled by the human immunodeficiency virus
- 33. Defenses,surface barriers and internal defenses
- 35. released by the immune system communicate with the brain.
- 38. immunodeficiency virus (HIV),Acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) is caused by HIV, which damages the cells in the body's immune system so that the body is unable to fight infections
- 39. cells,Cells that release signaling molecules to stimulate the immune response
- 40. region,Portion of an antibody molecule that is not variable and participates in the binding of other immune modulators
- 42. cells,Muscle cells or gland cells that carry out the body's response to stimuli
- 43. recognition receptors (PRRs),Proteins on or in cells that recognize specific compounds unique to microbes or tissue damage, allowing the cells to sense the presence of invading microbes or damage
- 44. T cells,Control the T-cell response
- 45. C,A immune cell that can kill certain cells such as foreign cells, cancer cells, and infected cells.
Down
- 1. localized response to an injury or to the destruction of tissues
- 2. enzymes found on the skin
- 3. immune system response
- 4. immune response,Specific defense that uses T cells
- 7. presentation,The process by which an MHC molecule binds to a fragment of an intracellular protein antigen and carries it to the cell surface, where it is displayed and can be recognized by a T cell
- 8. defences,humoral immunity and cellular immunity
- 9. hypersensitive to a external molecule
- 11. immune response,Immune response after the body has already been exposed to a specific antigen. Response is faster, of greater magnitude, and more prolonged
- 12. immune response,The initial immune response to an antigen
- 14. enzyme that is used by macrophages to destroy pathogens
- 18. that attach to antigens, keeping them from harming the body
- 20. causing agents
- 22. immune response,The branch of acquired immunity that involves the activation of B cells and that leads to the production of antibodies, which defend against bacteria and viruses in body fluids
- 25. blood cells,Blood cells that perform the function of destroying disease-causing microorganisms
- 26. cells,Produce antibodies
- 27. extreme response by the body to a infection
- 31. of immune response to one's own tissues
- 34. to disease
- 36. diseases,Diseases caused when the immune system loses tolerance for self and turns against certain molecules in the body.
- 37. cells,Responsible for immunological memory and protective immunity
- 41. necrosis,Necrosis that may occur in rapidly growing neoplasms that out-grow their blood supply