Immunology

4. White blood cells encapsulate M. tuberculosis, to form a ___________, which may have necrosis at the centre.
6. Class switching occurs in activated B cell that is ________________ and in memory B cells,
8. Naturally acquired _________ immunity occurs when a pregnant woman’s antibodies cross the placenta to the foetus.
10. Process of artificially inducing immunity (to result in the production of memory B and memory T cells specific for that pathogen).
13. Natural _________ cells circulate throughout the body to recognize an abnormal array of surface proteins characteristic of virus-infected and cancer cells and release chemicals that leads to cell death.
14. Bonds between chains in antibodies link the heavy and light chains together
15. Both T and B lymphocytes arise from lymphoid ______ cells in the bone marrow. Constant The ____________ region of antibody determines the class of antibody and allows for binding to phagocyte.

1. Somatic ________________ gives rise to slightly different light and heavy chain variable regions to allow for better binding to the same antigen.
2. Antibodies are secreted by ____________ cells.
3. ______________ cells contain receptors which can bind to pathogen to engulf the pathogen and antigens are processed and displayed on major histocompatibility complexes (MHC) – class II molecules.
5. Binding of antibodies to antigens on the surface of pathogen promotes phagocytosis by phagocytes.
7. Passive immunity, antibodies from another source, which are raised against a particular ___________ are injected into an organism.
9. Different combinations of VJ / VDJ gene segments can occur during ___________ recombination, giving rise to different light and heavy chain variable regions.
11. Penicillin acts as a competitive inhibitor of bacterial transpeptidases, but binds _______________ to the active site of enzyme.
12. Chloroamphenicol targets and binds to bacterial ___________, inhibiting peptidyltransferase.