Across
- 3. the amount of energy that must be added to a material to raise the temperature of a unit mass by one temperature unit
- 4. the temperature at which a substance changes from the liquid state to the gaseous state
- 5. the amount of thermal energy needed to vaporize 1 kg of a particular liquid
- 7. states that natural processes go in a direction that maintains or increases the total entropy of the universe
- 11. the energy that is transferred between two objects when they come in contact with each other
- 13. the state in which the rate of energy flow between two objects is equal and the objects are at the same temperature
- 14. the amount of thermal energy needed to melt 1 kg of a particular substance
- 15. a measure of the disorder in a system
- 17. a strategy used to produce electric power from sunlight by using mirrors, a collector, engine, and electric generator
- 18. the transfer of kinetic energy when particles collide
Down
- 1. the study of heat transformations into other forms of energy
- 2. states that the change in the thermal energy of an object is equal to the heat added to the object minus the work done by the object
- 5. a refrigerator that can be run in two directions
- 6. the transfer of energy by electromagnetic waves
- 8. states that in an isolated, closed system, the thermal energy of object A plus the thermal energy of object B is constant
- 9. a device that is able to continuously convert thermal energy to mechanical energy
- 10. the temperature at which a substance changes from a solid to a liquid
- 12. an insulated device providing an isolated, closed system in which to measure thermal energy transfer
- 13. a device which uses a change in physical properties such as volume or color to measure temperature
- 16. the motion of fluid in a liquid or gas caused by temperature differences