Indian Ocean Trade

2. – Maritime empire based in Indonesia that controlled choke points in the Indian Ocean trade network.
3. – Religion that spread widely along Indian Ocean networks through trade and missionary activity.
10. – Navigational instrument borrowed from the classical world and refined by Muslims to determine latitude at sea.
12. – Indian trading region whose merchants grew wealthy by linking inland goods to oceanic routes.
14. – Hindu devotional movement that emphasized personal connection to deities and shaped cultural exchange in South Asia.
15. – Exchange of cloves, nutmeg, cinnamon, and other coveted goods central to Indian Ocean commerce.
17. – Chinese admiral who led Ming treasure voyages, projecting Chinese power and fostering trade.
18. – Settlements of merchants from one culture living abroad, spreading ideas and goods across ports.

1. – Mystical Islamic tradition that spread through missionary work and encouraged conversions in port cities.
4. – East African city-states that thrived on trade and cultural blending in the Indian Ocean system.
5. – Highly sought-after Indian product that spread widely through Indian Ocean markets.
6. – Maritime connections that linked East Africa, the Middle East, South Asia, and East Asia.
7. – Small, sturdy vessels with lateen sails used by Arab and Indian traders on the Indian Ocean.
8. – Navigational device developed in China that spread via trade and guided sailors across oceans.
9. – Process by which states organized power to regulate commerce, seen in empires like Srivijaya and later the Mughals.
11. – Triangular sail that allowed ships to tack against the wind, expanding maritime possibilities.
13. – Flourishing Indian port city that became a major hub of Indian Ocean trade.
16. – Narrow waterway near modern Singapore that became a key crossroads of Asian commerce.
19. – Export from East Africa that connected Swahili cities to markets in India and beyond.
20. – Seasonal winds that merchants studied to plan safe voyages across the Indian Ocean.