Across
- 2. the income of the household lying in the middle of the income distribution
- 3. a number that summarizes a country's level of income inequality based on how unequally income is distributed
- 4. a payment designed to correct for the inefficiencies of external benefits
- 5. a good that is rival and nonexcludable in consumption: you can't stop others from consuming the good, and when they consume it, less of the good is available for you
- 11. the average income across all households
- 13. wage differences across jobs that reflect the fact that some jobs are less pleasant or more dangerous than others
- 14. a program that supplements the income of low-income workers
- 16. a program that is available only to individuals or families whose incomes fall below a certain level
- 20. organizations of workers that try to raise wages and improve working conditions for their members by bargaining collectively
- 21. shows the percentage of all income received by the poorest members of the population, from the poorest 0% to the poorest 100%
- 23. occurs when regulators set a monopoly's price equal to its marginal cost to achieve efficiency
Down
- 1. rules that protect the environment by specifying limits for, or actions by, producers and consumers
- 6. taxes designed to correct for the inefficiencies of external costs
- 7. a good that is excludable but nonrival in consumption
- 8. a benefit given in the form of goods or services
- 9. when the outcome in a market is inefficient
- 10. the minimal annual income that is considered adequate to purchase the necessities of life
- 12. problem the problem that goods that are nonexcludable suffer from; individuals have no incentive to pay for their own consumption and instead will "free-ride" on anyone who does pay
- 15. occurs when regulators set a monopoly's price equal to its average cost to prevent the firm from incurring a loss
- 17. a good that is both nonexcludable and nonrival in consumption
- 18. when the parties involved in a transaction, such as buyers and sellers, hold different information
- 19. the percentage of the population with incomes below the poverty threshold
- 22. wages that exceed the market equilibrium wage rate; employers use efficiency wages to motivate hard work and reduce worker turnover.
