Across
- 3. Autoimmune inflammatory disease triggered by untreated group A strep; can damage heart valves
- 4. Inflammation of all heart layers — endocardium, myocardium, pericardium — seen in rheumatic fever
- 5. Scratchy, high-pitched sound with pericarditis; best heard at left sternal border
- 6. Inflammation of myocardium; viral infection most common cause
- 9. Involuntary movements (chorea) in rheumatic fever; affect face and limbs
- 10. Heart failure causing pulmonary congestion, dyspnea, orthopnea
- 12. Nonspecific inflammatory markers elevated in endocarditis and pericarditis
- 14. Preventive measure for patients with valve disease to reduce bacteremia risk
- 16. Non-tender macules on palms or soles; embolic lesions from infective endocarditis
- 18. Valve narrowing causing systolic murmur; nitroglycerin use contraindicated due to preload drop
- 19. Turbulent blood flow heard on auscultation; may indicate valvular dysfunction
- 21. Ultrasound imaging to assess valve function, chamber size, and ejection fraction
- 24. Mechanical pump assisting left ventricle; bridge to transplant or destination therapy
- 26. Backward blood flow due to incomplete valve closure
- 30. Transcatheter procedure replacing aortic valve in high-risk surgical patients
- 34. Infection of inner lining of heart, often involving valves; linked to IV drug use and dental procedures
- 36. Oral anticoagulant requiring INR monitoring; interacts with vitamin K
- 37. Procedure to widen narrowed heart valve using balloon catheter
- 38. Best auscultation site for hearing S1 and S2 equally; used to detect murmurs
- 41. Post-MI pericarditis caused by immune response; occurs weeks after infarction
- 42. Murmur heard between S2 and S1; may indicate aortic or mitral valve disease
- 44. Retinal hemorrhages with pale centers; ocular sign of endocarditis
- 48. Heart failure causing systemic congestion, JVD, peripheral edema
- 49. Painful raised lesions on fingertips or toes; immune complex finding in endocarditis
- 50. Fat-soluble vitamin reversing warfarin toxicity and promoting clotting factors
- 53. Lab value monitoring warfarin therapy; therapeutic range 2–3
- 54. Peptide released from ventricles with stretching; used to assess heart failure severity
- 55. Major risk factor for right-sided infective endocarditis involving tricuspid valve
- 59. Genetic cardiomyopathy causing thickened septum and LVOT obstruction
- 62. Bacterium causing pharyngitis leading to rheumatic fever if untreated
- 63. Common arrhythmia after cardiac surgery; often resolves spontaneously
- 66. Palpable heave at left chest; sign of left ventricular hypertrophy
- 67. Unfractionated anticoagulant given by continuous IV infusion; monitored by aPTT
- 68. Drop in systolic BP >10 mmHg with inspiration; sign of cardiac tamponade
- 69. Diagnostic criteria for infective endocarditis combining major and minor findings
- 70. ECG change seen with pericarditis; concave pattern across multiple leads
- 71. Narrowing of heart valve causing obstructed blood flow
- 72. Coughing up blood; occurs with mitral stenosis from pulmonary congestion
Down
- 1. Type of shock from severe LV failure; causes low CO and pulmonary edema
- 2. Oral factor Xa inhibitor for VTE and AFib; taken once daily
- 6. Narrowing of mitral valve; often from rheumatic fever leading to left atrial enlargement
- 7. Murmur heard between S1 and S2; includes aortic stenosis and mitral regurgitation
- 8. Blood test showing recent group A strep infection; supports rheumatic fever diagnosis
- 11. Slower, insidious endocarditis from low-virulence organisms on abnormal valves
- 13. Stiff ventricles with impaired filling; causes diastolic heart failure
- 15. Atrial gallop before S1; caused by stiff ventricles
- 17. Loud murmur with palpable thrill; indicates significant turbulence
- 20. Syndrome causing right-sided valve damage from serotonin-secreting tumors
- 22. Biventricular pacing improving synchrony in heart failure
- 23. Antibiotic used for strep throat and endocarditis prophylaxis before dental work
- 25. Sudden, severe onset; rapid valve destruction often from Staphylococcus aureus
- 27. Therapy preventing thrombus formation in AFib, valve disease, or prosthetic valves
- 28. Emergency procedure removing fluid around heart; treats tamponade
- 29. Immunoglobulin infusion reducing coronary complications in Kawasaki disease
- 31. Myocardial granulomas seen in rheumatic fever; indicate cardiac inflammation
- 32. Migratory joint inflammation in rheumatic fever; large joints affected first
- 33. Clumps of bacteria and fibrin on valves; hallmark of endocarditis
- 35. Diagnostic criteria for rheumatic fever; includes carditis, arthritis, nodules, chorea, rash
- 39. Long-term penicillin use to prevent recurrence of rheumatic heart disease
- 40. Direct thrombin inhibitor for AFib stroke prevention; no routine labs
- 43. Surgical repair of valve ring restoring proper leaflet closure
- 45. Linear reddish streaks under nails; sign of microemboli from endocarditis
- 46. Pediatric inflammatory disease causing coronary aneurysms; treated with IVIG and aspirin
- 47. Long-term inflammation or damage; may follow repeated injury or unresolved infection
- 51. Biopsy confirming myocarditis or rejection in heart transplant patients
- 52. Valve disorder with backflow into left atrium during systole
- 56. Cardiomyopathy with ventricular enlargement and systolic dysfunction
- 57. Hypotension, muffled heart sounds, jugular venous distension — classic for tamponade
- 58. Murmur heard throughout systole; often with mitral or tricuspid regurgitation
- 60. Inflammation of sac surrounding heart; causes sharp chest pain relieved by sitting up
- 61. Artificial valve requiring lifelong anticoagulation to prevent thrombosis
- 64. Fluid in pericardial sac compressing heart; causes ↓CO and hypotension
- 65. Valve leaflets bulge backward into atrium; common in mitral valve disorder